Tag: gene cloning

Questions Related to gene cloning

"Introduction of a normal functional gene into cells, in order to replace defective or mutated gene'." is known as 

zoology applications of biotechnology gene therapy application of biology in therapy and vaccine gene cloning

  1. Biosafety

  2. Biopiracy

  3. Biopatent

  4. Gene therapy

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Introduction of a normal functional gene into cells, in order to replace defective or mutated gene is known as gene therapy. It is also called as gene transfer. It is done to correct genetic disorders. Biosafety is the prevention of large-scale loss of biological integrity. Biopiracy is the practice of exploiting indigenous knowledge of nature, originating with indigenous peoples without compensation to the indigenous people. Biopatent is a patent granted by the government to the inventor of biological entities.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Gene therapy.'

a functional ADAcDNA can be introduced into cells of the patients receiving gene therapy by using vector constituted by

zoology applications of biotechnology gene therapy application of biology in therapy and vaccine gene cloning

  1. E.coil

  2. Reoviridae

  3. Retrovirus

  4. Agrobacterium

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
The deficiency of the purine salvage enzyme adenosine deaminase is associated with severe B and T-cell dysfunction. In order to investigate the ADA molecule, gene therapy using E.coli, cDNA clones encoding ADA gene sequences are obtained.
So the correct option is 'E.coli'.

Cystic fibrosis can be treated by .......... gene therapy.

zoology applications of biotechnology gene therapy application of biology in therapy and vaccine gene cloning

  1. TGP-B

  2. TPA

  3. DNase

  4. BGH

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Correct Option: C

A diabetic Patient cannot be given insulin orally but it has to be injected intravenously. These days has helped to avait injection taking.

zoology option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gene therapy application of biology in therapy and vaccine gene cloning

  1. amniocentesis

  2. genetic engineering

  3. gene therapy

  4. transgenic organism

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Correct Option: B,C

Genetic engineering is possible because 

botany breeding and biotechnology branches of biotechnology gene cloning biotechnology and genetic engineering

  1. DNA can be cut at specific sites by endo nucleases like DNAase

  2. Restriction endonucleases purified from bacteria can be used in vitro

  3. The phenomenon of transduction in bacteria is well understood

  4. DNA can be seen by electron microscope

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Genetic engineering is the technique by which the genetic material of an organism is manipulated. The desired genes from any organism are isolated and are transferred into the organism where those genes are expressed and desired products are obtained. Manipulation of an organism's genome is not a simple process and involves a number of tools including restriction enzymes. 

Restriction enzymes are the most important tools in genetic engineering. They make cuts in the DNA at specific positions. They may be exonuclease if they make cut at the end of DNA or endonuclease if they make cut within the DNA. Restriction endonucleases cut the DNA into fragments like DNAsse. The fragments of DNA are then jouned by DNA ligases. 

So, the correct answer is 'DNA can be cut at specific sites by endo nucleases like DNAase'.

In recombinant DNA technology, a plasmid vector is cleaved by

botany breeding and biotechnology branches of biotechnology gene cloning biotechnology and genetic engineering

  1. Modified DNA ligase

  2. A heated allkaline solution

  3. The same enzyme that cleaves the donor DNA

  4. The different enzyme than that cleaves the donor DNA

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Answer is option C i.e. "The same enzyme that cleaves the donor DNA"
In rDNA technology, the plasmid vector must be cleaved by specific restriction enzyme. Plasmid vectors are cleaved by  same enzyme that cleaves the donor DNA leading to creation of sticky ends which further helps in recombination.

Which of the following is not a tool of genetic engineering?

botany breeding and biotechnology branches of biotechnology gene cloning biotechnology and genetic engineering

  1. Cloning vector

  2. Restriction enzyme

  3. Foreign DNA

  4. GMO.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Answer is option D i.e. "GMO"
GMO are genetically modified organism. GMOs are every plant, animal, or microorganism that is transformed by genetic engineering. Tools of genetic engineering are the requirements to carry in-vitro genetic engineering process, this involves the use of laboratory tools to insert, alter, or cut out pieces of foreign DNA with help of restriction enzyme and cloning them through vector in respective host cell.

Genetic engineering aims at

botany breeding and biotechnology branches of biotechnology gene cloning biotechnology and genetic engineering

  1. Destroying wild gene

  2. Preserving defective gene

  3. Curing human disease by introducing new gene

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The non-mutated normal form of a gene which is naturally present in population is called as wild type allele. They impart natural genotype and natural phenotypes/traits to the organisms which is not a target for genetic engineering. Defective genes are the one that code for non-working or malfunctioning polypeptide and, thus, adversely affect the organisms. These genes should be eliminated, not preserved, from genome to fix the defects caused by them. Gene therapy is the process of introduction of DNA into living human beings in order to treat disease. It is used to replace a missing gene product or to correct mutant alleles. Gene therapy is a type of genetic engineering.

Maintenance of sterile ambience to enable growth of only desired cell in large quantities for manufacture of biotechnological product is

botany breeding and biotechnology branches of biotechnology gene cloning biotechnology and genetic engineering

  1. Bio process engineering

  2. genetic engineering

  3. One of the core technique of modern biotechnology

  4. More than one options correct

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

  • Bioprocess engineering is a type of chemical engineering, it is responsible for the development of materials that are used in biotechnology like food, chemicals, tools etc.
  • Genetic engineering also involves chemical as well as biological engineering, This technique involves the manipulation of DNA, its constituents to make a desirable DNA.
  • Maintenance of ambiance means to maintain a microbial or disease-free culture for the process of biotechnological techniques so that only the desired gene or cell is amplified (multiplication of gene to form a large number of copies).
So, the correct option is 'Bioprocess engineering and Genetic engineering'

Which among the following genetically engineered microorganisms is used successfully in bioremediation of oil spills?

botany breeding and biotechnology branches of biotechnology gene cloning biotechnology and genetic engineering

  1. Pseudomonas

  2. Trichoderma

  3. Xanthomonas

  4. Bacillus

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Xanthomonas is used for bioproduction of xanthan gum which is a polysaccharide and is used as a food additive. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces Bt toxin during sporulation. The toxin bind to receptors on midgut epithelial cells of gallworm, become inserted into the plasma membrane where they form pores leading to cell death through osmotic lysis; thus serving as biopesticide. Trichoderma serve as very effective biocontrolling agent for soil borne plant disease management. It is a free-living fungus, and reduces pathogenic infections by different mechanisms like competition, antibiosis, hyphal interactions, mycoparasitism, , and enzyme secretion. Pseudomonas putida is used in bioremediation owing to its aerobic metabolism with ability to degrade organic pollutants such as toluene and to convert styrene oil to biodegradable plastic Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). Correct answer is A.