Tag: immunity and blood groups
Questions Related to immunity and blood groups
Antigen-presenting cells communicate with effector cells of the immune system. Select the correct statement.
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Direct cell membrane- to- membrane contact
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Quorum sensing
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Release of highly specific steroidal hormones
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Release of neurotransmitter-like substances
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Induction of rapid ion flow through the membrane
Answer is option A i.e. "Direct cell membrane- to- membrane contact"
Antigen-presenting cells (APC) are immune system cells that present antigens on the cell surface which then communicate with appropriate T cell receptors by membrane-to-membrane contact. Antigen-presenting cells are involved in both the innate and adaptive immune responses.
Identify the incorrect statement about antibodies.
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Antibodies are produced by different combinations of soluble proteins in the blood called complement.
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When antibodies bind to a bacterial cell, it may keep that cell from adhering to host cells.
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The specific receptors on T cells that would interact with a specific antigen are the same shape as antibodies that will interact with that antigen.
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By binding to antigens, antibodies mark those antigens for destruction by macrophages.
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By binding to an invader, antibodies attract proteins that lyse the target membrane.
The antibody production in the body is due to
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B cell
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Fibrinogen
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Pathogen
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Phagocyte
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T cell
Which of the following is not a natural way of destroying bacterial infection?
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Antibodies produced in the body.
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Production of HCl in the stomach.
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Antibiotics taken orally or by injection.
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Phagocytosis by WBCs.
The natural way of destroying the bacterial infection is the production of the antibodies by the plasma B-cells in the body. The production of HCl also kills the harmful bacteria. The WBCs are the cells which can phagocyte and destroy the bacterial cells.
Which of the following body defense mechanism traps, engulfs and sweeps disease-causing agents towards the body openings?
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Body secretions
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Enzymes and compounds in the blood
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Mucous membrane
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Immune system
. The mucous membrane is the epithelial tissue which lines several organs and secretes mucus. It stops pathogens and dirt from entering the body and to prevent bodily tissues by pushing disease causing agents towards body opening, it also prevents organs from dehydration
A quick immune response that often eliminates the infection or keeps it in check until a specific acquired immune response can develop is called
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A nonspecific response, including macrophages and other nonspecific white blood cells.
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Acquired immunity, which develops after antibodies bind to specific antigens.
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The cell-mediated response in which T cells bind to antigen presenting cells (APCs).
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The humoral response where B cells that develop in the bone marrow produce plasma B cells.
Innate immune system is quick and non specific, it is the 1$^{st}$ immediate response of the body on infection. It is also referred to as primary response that would eliminate certain number of pathogens keeping the infection in check.
Passive immunization was first developed by
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Robert Koch
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L. Pasteur
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Robert Hooke
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Emil von Behring and Kitasato
Passive immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity in the form of ready-made antibodies, from one individual to another. Passive immunity can occur naturally when maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus through the placenta or can be induced artificially, when high levels of human antibodies specific for a pathogen or toxin are transferred to non-immune individuals.
Emil Adolf von Behring and Kitasato Shibasaburo discovered the antitoxin-based immunity to diphtheria and tetanus and antitoxin became the first major success of modern therapeutic immunology.
Which one of the following is devoid of macrophages?
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Lymph nodes
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Connective tissue
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Lungs
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None of the above
A. The lymph node is in the form of fibres called reticulum with white blood cells attached to it, lymph sinus is lined by reticular cells and macrophages.
The method of passive immunity was discovered by
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Pasteur
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Von Behring
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Koch
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Jenner
- Passive immunity is the protection against disease through antibodies produced by another human being or animal.
- Passive immunity doesn't last as long as active immunity.
- Emil von Behring was awarded the first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1901 for his discovery of serum therapy for diphtheria. He showed that serum from rabbits immunized with tetanus toxin could prevent tetanus in rabbits because it contains antibodies against tetanus.
- Hence the method of passive immunity was discovered by Von Behring.
- So, the correct answer is 'Von Behring'.
Passive immunity is provided through
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Exogenous supply of antigens
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Exogenous supply of antibodies
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Endogenous supply of antigens
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Endogenous supply of antibodies
Passive immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity of ready-made antibodies (exogenous). Passive immunity can occur naturally, when maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus through the placenta, and it can also be induced artificially when high levels of antibodies specific to a pathogen or toxin are transferred to non-immune persons through blood products that contain antibodies. Passive immunization can be provided when people cannot synthesize antibodies, and when they have been exposed to a disease against which a person is not immunized.