Tag: immunity and blood groups

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Questions Related to immunity and blood groups

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

Primary and secondary immune response are carried out with the help of 

  1. B-Lymphocytes

  2. T-Lymphocytes

  3. Antiviral Proteins

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
The primary immune response can be described as the first response of our body system to a newly introduced foreign agent, while the secondary immune response is defined as an intensified immune response to this previously exposed antigen. The primary and secondary immune response is carried out by following two types of lymphocytes;
1)B-Lymphocytes: responsible for the production of antibodies in our blood. the type of antibodies is IgA. IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM.
2)T-Lymphocytes: These are mediators cell-mediated immunity.
So, the correct answer is 'Option D- Both A and B'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

The major difference between humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity is that:

  1. humoral immunity is non-specific, whereas cell-mediated immunity is specific for particular antigens

  2. the agents of humoral immunity are carried in the bloodstream, whereas the cells of the latter are concentrated in lymph nodes

  3. humoral immunity cannot function independently; it is always activated by cell-mediated immunity

  4. humoral immunity acts against free-floating antigens, whereas cell-mediated immunity works against pathogens that. have entered body cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The immune system has two divisions-humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity. The humoral immunity protects against extracellular pathogens while the cell-mediated immunity protects against intracellular pathogens.

so, the correct option is 'humoral immunity acts against free-floating antigens, whereas cell-mediated immunity works against pathogens that have entered body cells'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

The cells that actually release antibodies are

  1. Helper T-cells

  2. Cytotoxic T-cells

  3. Plasma cells

  4. Suppressor cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Activated B cells differentiate into either antibody-producing cells called plasma cells that secrete soluble antibody or memory cells that survive in the body for years afterwards in order to allow the immune system to remember an antigen and respond faster upon future exposures.

So, the correct option is 'Plasma cells'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

Control of the activated complement components results from

  1. Agglutination

  2. Immune adherence

  3. Instability and inactivation of some of these components

  4. Mobility of phagocytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The activity of complement components is modulated by a system of regulatory proteins that prevent tissues damage as a result of inadvertent binding of activated complement components to host cells or spontaneous activation of complement components in plasma.

So, the correct option is 'instability and inactivation of some of these components'.

Multiple choice zoology immunity and blood groups immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body aids to health

Mast cells secrete.

  1. Serotonin

  2. Heparin

  3. Histamine

  4. All the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Mast cells are found in mucous membranes and connective tissues and are important for wound healing and defense against pathogens via the inflammatory response.
  • The mast cell granules are composed of serotonin, heparin, and histamine. They secrete serotonin, heparin, and histamine when they are activated in the presence of the toxic substance or a pathogen.
  • Hence Mast cells secrete 'serotonin, heparin, and histamine'.
  • So, the correct answer is 'All the above'.
Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Which of the following are involved in body defence?

  1. Neutrophils

  2. Lymphocytes

  3. Macrophages

  4. All the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • The cells of the immune system can be categorized as lymphocytes (T-cells, B-cells and NK cells), neutrophils, and monocytes/macrophages. These are all types of white blood cells.
  • Neutrophils are phagocytic cells that are also classified as granulocytes because they contain granules in their cytoplasm. These granules are very toxic to bacteria and fungi and cause them to stop proliferating or die on contact.
  • B lymphocytes provide humoral immunity and T lymphocytes provide cellular immunity.
  • Macrophages are efficient phagocytic cells that can leave the circulatory system by moving across the walls of capillary vessels. The ability to roam outside of the circulatory system is important because it allows macrophages to hunt pathogens with less limits. Macrophages can also release cytokines in order to signal and recruit other cells to an area with pathogens.
  • Hence Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, and Macrophages are involved in body defense.
  • So, the correct answer is 'All the above'.
Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Passive immunity is obtained through injecting 

  1. Antibiotics

  2. Vaccines

  3. Antibodies

  4. Antigens
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Passive immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity of ready-made antibodies (exogenous). Passive immunity can occur naturally, when maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus through the placenta, and it can also be induced artificially when high levels of antibodies specific to a pathogen or toxin are transferred to non-immune persons through blood products that contain antibodies.

So, the correct answer is 'Antibodies'.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Active immunity means

  1. Resistance developed before disease

  2. Resistance developed after disease

  3. Increased heart beat

  4. Increased flow of blood
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Active immunity is the induction of immunity after exposure to an antigen. Antibodies are created by the recipient and may be stored permanently due to the activation of memory cells which recognizes the same antigen in future and destroy them. Active immunity can occur naturally when a microbe or other antigen is received by a person who has not yet come into contact with the microbe and has no pre-made antibodies for defence. The immune system will eventually create antibodies for the microbe, but this is a slow process.

So, the correct answer is 'Resistance developed after disease'.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

How many statements given below are correct?
A. In case of snake bites, the injection which is given to the patients, contain preformed antibodies against the snake venom.
B. The fetus receives some antibodies from their mother through the placenta during pregnancy.
C. Colostrum secreted by mother during the initial days of lactation has abundant antibodies to protect the infant.
D. 'ATS' (Anti-tetanus serum) provides temporary protection in case of injuries and burns.

  1. One

  2. Two

  3. Three

  4. Four
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Antivenum which is injected to body in case of snakebite, contain antibodies that disable a particular venom's toxins. Antivenom is less able to reverse the damage already happened in the body. So, quick injection is a must. So, the statement A is correct.

During gestation, immunoglobulin antibodies from mother's blood can reach fetus through placenta. So the statement B is also true.
Colestrum is produced by the mammary glands in the first few days of pregnancy and it contains high concentration of nutrients and antibodies.
So statement C is also true.
ATS is used to provide immediate protection against tetanus toxins. This toxins can enter body from injuries or burns. So the 4th statement is also correct.
All the statements are correct

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Cytokine barriers helps in evading 

  1. Virus

  2. Bacteria

  3. Fungi

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Innate immunity includes anatomical and physiological barriers, inflammation, complement activation, cytokine secretion, phagocytosis. Cytokines play an important role in the innate immune response. It fights directly against the virus by preventing its replication. At the same time, cytokines activates NK cells and macrophages, which produce more cytokines. Also, virus infected cells secrete proteins called interferons , which protect non-infected cells from further infection.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Virus.'