Tag: immunity and blood groups

Questions Related to immunity and blood groups

Which one of the following is related to humoral immunity?

bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

  1. T-lymphocyte

  2. B-lymphocyte

  3. Macrophges

  4. None of the above

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

B-lymphocytes form army of proteins called antibodies in response to pathogen in blood and are stimulated by antigen and T-helper cells. Therefore, B-lymphocytes provide humoral mediated immunity. T- lymphocytes provide cell mediated immunity. So, the correct option is 'B-lymphocytes'.

Character(s) of acquired immunity is (are) :-

bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

  1. Differentiation between self and non-self

  2. Specificity of antigen

  3. Retains memory

  4. All of the above

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Acquired immunity is developed after birth. It is produced after getting exposed to antigens hence it is specific in nature. Acquired immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, and leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen.

Acquired immunity relies on the capacity of immune cells to distinguish between the body's own cells and unwanted invaders. The host's cells express "self" antigens. These antigens are different from those on the surface of bacteria or on the surface of virus-infected host cells ("non-self" or "foreign" antigens).
So, the correct option is 'All of the above'.

What is true about T-lymphocytes in mammals?

bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

  1. There are four main types cytotoxic T-cells, helper T-cells and suppressor T-cells, memory T-cells.

  2. These originate in lymphoid tissues.

  3. They scavenge damaged cells and cellular debris.

  4. These are produced in thyroid.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The T-lymphocytes originate in hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus. T-lymphocytes are responsible for humoral immunity. There are different types of T cells. They are listed below:

a. T- helper cells which assist other WBCs in the immunologic process.
b. Cytotoxic T-cells destroy virus-infected cells and tumor cells.
c. Suppressor T-cells are crucial for the maintenance of immunological tolerance.
d. Memory T-cells which persist in the blood for future infections
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Cell-mediated immunity involves the activation of lymphocytes in an antigen-specific manner.
Which of the following would be a likely trigger for this immune response pathway?

bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

  1. A viral antigen presented on the surface of an infected cell.

  2. Bacteria floating around in the blood supply.

  3. A parasite decorated with antibodies.

  4. A macrophage presenting antigen to a T-cell.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Cell mediated immunity is  macrophage providing an antigen for the T cells, so that the infected cells can be targeted

So, the correct answer is 'A macrophage presenting antigen to a T-cell'

Cell-mediated immunity protects the body by

bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

  1. Eliminating viruses before they are able to infect body cells.

  2. Secreting granules that will destroy bacteria.

  3. Destroying virus-infected cells by secreting specific antibodies.

  4. Destroying virus-infected cells via antigen-specific binding.

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Correct Option: A

______ immunity is divided as natural and artificial acquired immunity.

bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

  1. Adaptive

  2. Responsive

  3. Innate

  4. None of the above

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Adaptive immunity is often sub-divided into two major types depending on how the immunity was introduced. 'Naturally acquired immunity' occurs through contact with a disease causing agent, when the contact was not deliberate, whereas 'artificially acquired immunity' develops only through deliberate actions such as vaccination.

............... is/are the characteristic/s of acquired immunity 

bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

  1. Specificity of antigen

  2. Difference between self and non-self

  3. Memory retention

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Acquired immunity or adaptive immunity develops following exposure to an antigen and is mediated by B lymphocytes or T lymphocytes or both, having a specific surface receptor for the same antigen.
Following are the characteristics of acquired immunity:

  • Diversity: They can respond to millions of different antigens.
  • Antibody specificity: Ability of the antibody to recognize the specific antigen (even antigen molecule differing by a single amino acid). The response is directed only towards the initiated pathogen.
  • Immunologic memory: Once recognized and responded to an antigen, the system is able to respond more strongly to subsequent exposure even after many years.
  • Discrimination between self and non-self: It can differentiate self-cells (host cells) from foreign cells and molecules. Only foreign particles are attacked. Failure of this discrimination results in auto-immune diseases.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

T-lymphocytes recognise

bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

  1. Polysaccharides

  2. Nucleic acid

  3. Peptides

  4. Recurring molecular groups

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Correct Option: D

During infection T-cells interact with

bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

  1. Macrophases

  2. B-cells

  3. Infected cells

  4. Erythrocytes

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

During infection, B-cell receptor binds to the antigens and these bound antigens are engulfed into the B-cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis. The antigens are then degraded, and presented to T cells in complex with MHC-II (major histocompatibility complex - II) molecules on the cell membrane. T-cells bind to the B-cells and secretes lymphokines due to which B-cell undergo proliferation and produce antibodies specific to the antigen.

So, the correct answer is 'B-cells'.

A molecule that produces an immune response is

bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

  1. Antigen

  2. Antibody

  3. Carcinogen

  4. Mutagen

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

An antigen is a foreign substance which produces an immune response and is specifically bound to antibodies. Each antibody is specifically produced by the immune system to match an antigen after cells in the immune system come into contact with it, this allows a precise identification or matching of the antigen. Antigens are usually proteins, peptides and polysaccharides which elicit an immune response.

So, the correct answer is 'Antigen'.