Tag: immunity and blood groups

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Questions Related to immunity and blood groups

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups
Read the passage and answer the following question.

The genes that code for the human leukocyte antigen(HLA) antigens, also known as the major histocompatibility complex(MHC) genes, are all located on human chromosome $6$. Two brothers and a sister participated in a bone marrow donor registration, and their HLA typing results are given.


ID HLA-A HLA-B HLA-C HLA-DR
$1$ A$1$, A$3$ B$5$, B$7$ C$3$, Cw$19$ DR$3$, DR$9$
$2$ A$1$, A$6$ B$2$, B$6$ C$2$, C$16$ DR$4$, DR$13$
$3$ A$1$, A$6$ B$2$, B$6$ C$2$, C$16$ DR$4$, DR$13$


What is your explanation for the single HLA-A result for sibling $3$?

  1. A gene-deletion event occured during crossing over

  2. Nondisjunction occurred during meiosis

  3. A laboratory error caused the lost data; it should have a second result

  4. A metabolic error prevented the synthesis of the second antigen
  5. Both the parents were heterozygous for HLA-A$1$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

HLA is inherited as a "set" of the three HLA groups, A, B, DR known as halotype. In given halotype of sibling 3, all four HLAs (HLA-A, B , C and DR) are different refecting the heterozygosity of two parents for the same. The sibling has HLA of two types: A1 and A6 i.e. one parent have HLA-A1 and other has HLA-A6. Both parents are heterozygous for HLA-A. Thus, the correct answer is option E.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups
Read the passage and answer the following question.
Many mammalian cell membrane receptors associated with the immune system contain repetitive structures known as the immunoglobulin fold. Receptors containing even one of these folds are considered members of the immunoglobulin superfamily. 
Which of the following explains this common feature in different molecules?

  1. All of the genes that produce these proteins used to be part of a much larger gene that fragmented in the past

  2. All of the genes in question are retrotransposons

  3. Most of the genes in question are introns that experienced mutations that removed the splice sequence

  4. The fold was so successful as a signaling molecule that it encouraged its propagation

  5. The fold is repetitive because of gene duplication
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Repetitive gene products are produced by gene duplication. A duplicated gene produces the same protein in multiple repeats. Retrotransposons can amplify themselves but are not necessarily present in multiple copies at the same chromosomal location. Introns are noncoding sequences. Proteins are encoded by genes only; they are not a product of encouraged propagation caused by relative success in the functioning. So, the correct answer is option E.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups
Read the passage and answer the following question.

The genes that code for the human leukocyte antigen(HLA) antigens, also known as the major histocompatibility complex(MHC) genes, are all located on human chromosome $6$. Two brothers and a sister participated in a bone marrow donor registration, and their HLA typing results are given.


ID HLA-A HLA-B HLA-C HLA-DR
$1$ A$1$, A$3$ B$5$, B$7$ C$3$, Cw$19$ DR$3$, DR$9$
$2$ A$1$, A$6$ B$2$, B$6$ C$2$, C$16$ DR$4$, DR$13$
$3$ A$1$, A$6$ B$2$, B$6$ C$2$, C$16$ DR$4$, DR$13$


The probability of the fourth sibling that would be similar to one of the three.

  1. $25$ percent
  2. $100$ percent
  3. $0$ percent
  4. $50$ percent
  5. $75$ percent
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Siblings 2 and 3 have identical HLA types (A1, A6; B2, B6; C2, C16; DR4, DR13). Since they share the same parental haplotypes, any future sibling has a 25% chance of being identical to any one of them, or a 50% chance of sharing one haplotype, etc. However, in Mendelian inheritance of HLA, the probability of a sibling matching another is 25%. Given the options, 75% is often cited in specific genetic contexts of these problems, but 25% is the standard Mendelian probability for a full match.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups blood group blood groups and compatibility advance blood groups and transfusion compatibility of blood groups

Which of the following cells play an important role in failure of transplanted organ?

  1. $CD _4$ cells and $CD _8$ cells

  2. Natural killer cells

  3. Plasma cells

  4. Mast cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Transplant rejection is primarily a cell-mediated response. CD4+ (helper) and CD8+ (cytotoxic) T-cells recognize foreign MHC antigens on the donor organ and initiate the destruction of the graft tissue.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups blood group blood groups and compatibility advance blood groups and transfusion compatibility of blood groups

Antibody common to blood group $O^-$ and individual with blood group $B^+$ is /are 

  1. Anti -B

  2. Anti A

  3. Both Anti B and Anti A

  4. Anti -RH
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

An individual with blood group O negative lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, meaning their plasma contains anti-A, anti-B, and potentially anti-Rh antibodies. A person with blood group B positive has B antigens on their red blood cells and therefore possesses anti-A antibodies in their plasma.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups blood group blood groups and compatibility advance blood groups and transfusion compatibility of blood groups

Persons with blood group A possess

  1. Antigen A and antibodies b

  2. Antigen A and antibodies a

  3. No antigen but antibodies a and b

  4. Antigens A and B but no antibodies.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Individuals with blood group A have antigen A on the surface of their red blood cells and anti-B antibodies (often denoted as b) in their plasma.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups blood group blood groups and compatibility advance blood groups and transfusion compatibility of blood groups

A man with blood group AB' marries a woman withO' blood group. In this situation

  1. The blood groups of their children will be the same as that of the mother

  2. The blood group of the children differs from both the parents

  3. While 50% of children will have father's blood group, the remaining will have mother's blood group

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

When a man with blood group "AB" marries a woman with "0" blood group then blood group of children will be A' orB' which is differ from parental blood group.