Tag: cutting, insertion and ligation of dna

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Multiple choice bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

Polymerase chain reaction

  1. Is a method of synthesising human protein from human DNA

  2. Uses restriction enzymes

  3. Can produce billions of copies of a DNA fragment

  4. Takes place naturally in bacteria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

PCR is specifically designed to amplify a specific DNA sequence, producing billions of copies from a small starting amount of template DNA.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

During PCR technique the pairing of primers to ssDNA segment is called

  1. Denaturation

  2. Annealing

  3. Polymerisation

  4. Isolation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
PCR - technique amplify the DNA sample in three steps namely denaturation of target DNA, annealing and polymerization. Denaturation refers to the thermal cycle that separates the DNA strands and forms the ssDNA. Annealing refers to the pairing of primers to the ssDNA and polymerisation is the extension of primer into complete DNA strand complementary to the template strand. 
So, the correct answer is 'Annealing'
Multiple choice bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

How many copies of the DNA sample are produced in PCR technique after 6-cycle?

  1. $4$
  2. $32$
  3. $64$
  4. $16$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that exponentially amplifies a single copy of a specific DNA segment. It generates thousands of copies of that specific DNA segment. After completion of one cycle, 2 copies are produced from a single DNA segment. After completion of the second cycle, 2$^2$ = 4 copies are produced. Similarly, after n$^{th}$ cycle, 2$^2$ copies are produced, where n is the number of cycles. Hence, after completion of 6 cycle, 2$^6$ = 64 copies will be produced. 

Thus, the correct answer is '64.'

Multiple choice bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

Which of the following is not necessary to execute polymerase chain reaction successfully?

  1. All four DNA bases

  2. Short DNA base pairs

  3. DNA polymerase

  4. DNA library
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is widely used the method in genetic engineering to prepare the multiple copies of desired DNA. It includes steps of denaturation, annealing extension and last amplification. As DNA is the polymer of four DNA bases present in the base pair and polymerase chain reaction is done in the presence of DNA polymerase enzyme of the DNA that re-studies by the researchers which is said to be DNA library so it is not required in the reaction.

So the correct option is 'DNA library'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

In reference to DNA polymerase III, which statement is wrong?

  1. It requires ATP For polymerase action.

  2. Required for PCR

  3. More active than DNA Pol I & II

  4. Requires a previously made template to work on
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Like DNA replication in an organism, PCR requires a DNA polymerase enzyme that makes new strands of DNA, using existing strands as templates. The DNA polymerase typically used in PCR is called Taq polymerase, after the heat-tolerant bacterium from which it was isolated (Thermus aquaticus).
So, the correct option is 'Required for PCR'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

Polymerisation of DNA is in

  1. $3' \rightarrow 5'$ direction
  2. $5' \rightarrow 3'$ direction
  3. Both $3' \rightarrow 5'$ and $5' \rightarrow 3'$ direction

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
DNA polymerase has 5' $\rightarrow$ 3' activity. All known DNA replication systems require a free 3' hydroxyl group before synthesis can be initiated (note: the DNA temple is read in 3' to 5' direction whereas a new strand is synthesized in 5' to 3' direction).
So, the correct answer is "5' $\rightarrow$ 3' ".
Multiple choice bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

In PCR, short primers are added to single stranded DNA molecules in a test tube and the appropriate enzymes are included to make a copy of the DNA. Which of the following primers is needed for copying the single stranded DNA sequence $ 5'TACGGTAGGTC3'$ ?

  1. $5'ATGCC 3'$
  2. $ 5'GACCT 3' $
  3. $ 3'GACCT 5' $
  4. $ 3'ATGCC 5' $
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A primer is a short single strand of RNA or DNA (generally about 18-22 bases) that serves as a starting point for DNA synthesis. It is required for DNA replication because the enzymes that catalyze this process, DNA polymerases, can only add new nucleotides to an existing strand of DNA. The polymerase starts replication at the 3′-end of the primer, and copies the opposite strand. 


For copying the single stranded DNA sequence 5′TACGGTAGGTC3′, complementary sequence possessing primer is needed which is 5′GACCT3′.

So the correct option is '5′GACCT3′'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

A DNA sequencing reaction was performed with the fragment $5-XXXGCGATCGYYYY-3'$ as the template, dideoxy GTP, all the four $dNTPs$, and the required primers and enzyme. $XXXX$ and $YYYY$ in the given DNA fragment represent primer binding sites. The set of fragments obtained during the reaction will be (the primers are not shown in the amplified fragments).

  1. $5'-CGATCGC-3'$ only
  2. $5'-CG-3', 5'-CGCTAG-3', 5'-CCCTAGC-3'$
  3. $5'-CG-3', 5'-CGATCG-3', 5'-CGATCGC-3'$
  4. $5'-G-3', 5'-GCG-3', 5'-GCGATCG-3'$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A DNA sequencing reaction was performed with the fragment 5−XXXGCGATCGYYYY−3′ as the template, dideoxy GTP, all the four dNTPs, and the required primers and enzyme. XXXX and YYYY in the given DNA fragment represent primer binding sites. The set of fragments obtained during the reaction will be CGATCGC, because if primer is attache to the XXXX binding site it polymerization starts and its complimentary fragment is CGATCGC.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

Column I                                            Column II
I. Agarose                                             A. PCR
II. Opines                                              B. Gene gun
III. Biolistic                                           C. Ti plasmid
iv. Thermal cycler                                 D. Sea weeds

  1. $I-D,II-A,III-B,IV-C$
  2. $I-D,II-C,III-B,IV-A$
  3. $I-D,II-A,III-C,IV-B$
  4. $I-A,II-D,III-B,IV-C$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • Agarose is derived from seaweeds Gelidium and Gracilaria
  • Opine synthesis is the function of Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium
  • Biolistic is the term used for gene gun used for biotransformation
  • Thermocycler is used to carry out PCR reaction
So the correct option is B. (I−D,II−C,III−B,IV−A)

Multiple choice bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

The areas of application of PCR include

A. Production of monoclonal antibodies 
B. Insertion of recombinant DNA into an organism
C. Diagnosis of specific mutation
D. Detection of plant pathogens

  1. A, B

  2. B, C

  3. C, D

  4. A, B, C, D
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The areas of application of PCR include 

  • Clinical Diagnosis
  • DNA Sequencing 
  • Gene Manipulation and Expression Studies
  •  in Comparative Studies of Genomes
  •  in Forensic Medicine
  •  in Comparison with Gene Cloning


So, the correct option is 'C,D'.