Vitamins and Nutrition

This option is correct because bioten is also called Vitamins H or coenzyme R. It is composed of ureido biotin and is necessary for cell growth and the production of fatty acid as well as the metabolism of fats and amino acid.

This option is correct because niacin is called as vitamins B₃ or nicotinic acid.

Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors in the liver, specifically factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX, and X. Without adequate vitamin K, blood cannot clot properly, leading to excessive bleeding. Vitamins A, B, and D have important functions but are not involved in the coagulation cascade.

Ascorbic acid is a naturally occurring organic compound with antioxidant properties. It is a white solid, but impure samples can appear yellowish. It dissolves well in water to give mildly acidic solutions. Ascorbic acid is one form of vitamin C.

Vitamin D is called the sunshine vitamin because it is synthesized in the skin when exposed to sunlight (UVB radiation). Vitamin B is a complex of multiple vitamins, not produced by sunlight. Vitamin C is obtained from diet, primarily citrus fruits. Vitamin A is obtained from animal sources and provitamin A carotenoids from plants.

Vitamin B2 is chemically known as riboflavin, which is derived from 'ribose' and 'flavin' (yellow). Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid, not a vitamin. Ribose is a sugar molecule found in RNA. Deoxyribose is the sugar in DNA, not a vitamin.

Carrots are excellent sources of beta-carotene, which the body converts to vitamin A (retinol), essential for vision and immune function. Vitamin B is not particularly abundant in carrots. Vitamin D is not found in significant amounts in carrots. 'None of these' is incorrect because carrots are indeed rich in vitamin A precursors.

Thiamine is vitamin B1, essential for energy metabolism and nerve function. Vitamin B2 is riboflavin. Vitamin B12 is cobalamin. Just 'B' is not a specific vitamin - the B-complex includes eight distinct vitamins numbered B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and B12.

Vitamin C is present in Amla (Emblica officinalis)

We can obtain vitamins A and C from Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) plant.

β-Cryptoxanthin has been isolated from a variety of sources including the petals and flowers of plants in the genus Physalis, orange rind, papaya, egg yolk, butter, apples, and bovine blood serum. It contains a beta-ionone ring, and thus β-cryptoxanthin is the only xanthophyll that is known to possess pro-vitamin A activity for mammals.

This is the correct option.

Biotin is essential for bio-synthetic reactions that require CO₂ fixation.

Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin when exposed to UVB radiation from sunlight, earning it the nickname 'sunshine vitamin'. This process converts a cholesterol derivative into previtamin D3, which then becomes active vitamin D. Other vitamins like B12, A, and C must be obtained from dietary sources.