Viral Diseases and Immunity

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by HIV.

Historically, tuberculosis has been one of the leading causes of death from a single infectious agent globally according to WHO reports. While AIDS and malaria are major health concerns, tuberculosis has consistently caused a higher number of deaths.

AIDS stands for Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome. It is a disease in which a person’s immune system becomes weak and he/she is unable to fight infections. Hence, the concerned person finally dies due to other infections like common cold, soar throat, flu, etc. At the last stage, the person suffers from physical trauma due to infection and the inability to treat it.

The ELISA test is a biochemical technique used mainly in immunology to detect the presence of an antibody or an antigen in a sample. It is most commonly known for its use as a primary screening test for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.

An ELISA test may be used to diagnose HIV, which causes AIDS.

Yes, it is the correct answer. 

Cryptosporidium is a genus of apicomplexan protozoans that can cause gastrointestinal illness with diarrhoea in humans. 

The HTLV-III virus (now known as HIV) was identified by researchers in the United States, specifically by Robert Gallo and his team at the NIH.

Papillomavirus have a genome size about 8 kilobases. They cause warts and also human and animal cancers. Warts are usually benign but can convert to malignant carcinomas. This occurs in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis.

HHV-8 infects lymphocytes and epithelial / endothelial cells and is the causative agent of Kaposi's sarcoma. It has also been associated with hematologic malignancies, including primary effusion lymphoma, multicentric Castleman's, MCD-related immunoblastic / plasmablastic lymphoma.

Human calicivirus are non-enveloped, single stand, positive sense RNA viruses. They appear round in shape with icosahedral symmetry and contain a single capsid protein. The viral surface has 32 cup-shaped depressions described as the ‘Star of David’ appearance.

LMP1 is the best-documented oncoprotein of the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), latent gene products.

Pan troglodytes Endogenous Retrovirus-1 is a retrovirus that putatively infected chimpanzees about 4 million years ago, and may have been involved in the process of speciation, making the chimpanzee and human lines diverge.