Rocks and Earth Materials

Gneiss and schist are classic examples of metamorphic rocks, formed through the transformation of existing rock types under high heat and pressure.

Dykes are vertical or near-vertical sheets of igneous rock that form when magma intrudes into cracks during volcanic activity.

Granite is a common type of felsic intrusive igneous rock that is granular and phaneritic in texture.

The Earth's core is primarily composed of iron and nickel, which are metals. The outer core is liquid, while the inner core is solid due to extreme pressure.

Coal is an organic sedimentary rock formed from the accumulation and preservation of plant materials over millions of years. Granite is igneous, and Marble is metamorphic.

Carbon is present in the earth's crust in the form of minerals like carbonates, coal, and petroleum, accounting for approximately 0.02% of the crust's composition.

Diamond is the hardest known natural material, which makes it ideal for industrial applications like rock drilling bores where extreme durability is required.

At construction site, small and big stones are separated from the sand by a method called sieving. Sand passes through the sieve and pebbles and stones being larger get separated. 

Mentioning “rough” indicates the texture of surface irrespective of the shine/luster or softness/hardness of the materials. So, stone is rough, glass is smooth. 

Oxygen is the most abundant element in the Earth's crust, and it is a non-metal. Silicon is the second most abundant element, also a non-metal, but oxygen is more abundant.

Limestone, marble, and chalk are all naturally occurring forms of calcium carbonate (CaCO3).

a meteor is a small body of matter from outer space that enters the earth's atmosphere, becoming incandescent as a result of friction and appearing as a streak of light.

Rocks are classified into three main types based on their formation: igneous (from cooling magma), sedimentary (from accumulation of particles), and metamorphic (from heat and pressure).

Coal is formed by slow conversion of dead plants into carbon under geothermal conditions of high pressure and high temperature.

This is the correct answer as minerals occur in beds or layers in sedimentary rocks.