Geography · Science General

Rocks and Earth Materials

1,291 Questions

Study geographical questions centered around rocks, minerals, and earth materials. The focus is on the formation and identification of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. These earth science topics are commonly tested in civil services and state level examinations.

Igneous rocksSedimentary rocksMetamorphic processEarth materialsGeomorphic symbols

Rocks and Earth Materials Questions

Multiple choice

Most fossils are found in

  1. black soil

  2. granites

  3. metamorphic rocks

  4. sedimentary rocks
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Sedimentary rocks form from layers of sediment that accumulate and compress, creating ideal conditions for fossil preservation. Organisms get buried in sediment before hardening into rock. Metamorphic rocks undergo intense heat and pressure that destroy fossils, while igneous rocks like granite form from molten material that would burn organic remains.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is an igneous rock?

  1. Shale

  2. Marble

  3. Granite

  4. Limestone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Granite is an igneous rock formed from cooled magma. Shale and limestone are sedimentary rocks, while marble is a metamorphic rock. Granite is commonly used in construction and monuments due to its durability.

Multiple choice

Marble is the changed form of

  1. coal

  2. limestone

  3. basalt

  4. granite
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Marble is a metamorphic rock formed when limestone is subjected to high heat and pressure deep underground, causing the calcite in limestone to recrystallize into larger, interlocking crystals.

Multiple choice

Which of the following sets represents only ortho silicates?

  1. Thortveitite, Phenacite, Willemite

  2. Benitoite, Beryl, Phenacite

  3. Willemite, Zircone, Kaolinite

  4. Phenacite, Willemite, Zircone

  5. Beryl, Thortveitite, Kaolinite
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This option is correct because Phenacite - Be2SiO4, Willemite - Zn2SiO4 and Zircone - ZrSiO4 are ortho silicates.

Multiple choice

What is pearl made up of?

  1. Calcium carbonate

  2. Organic matter - conchiolin

  3. Water

  4. All of the above

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Pearl is made up of CaCO3, organic matter and water. 

Multiple choice

The material that comes out of a volcano eruption is

  1. only solid

  2. only liquid

  3. solid, liquid and gaseous

  4. only gaseous
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Volcanic eruptions release materials in all three states of matter. Lava is molten rock (liquid), volcanic bombs and ash are solid particles, and gases like water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide are released simultaneously.

Multiple choice

Which of the following mineral accelerate the rate of metamorphism in frog?

  1. Chlorine

  2. Fluorine

  3. Iodine

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Iodine is essential for synthesis of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), which regulate metamorphosis in frogs by controlling tissue remodeling and differentiation. The thyroid gland requires iodine to produce these hormones. Chlorine and fluorine are halogens but are not involved in thyroid hormone synthesis or amphibian metamorphosis.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

a. Mineral elements required by organisms occur as salts dissolved in lakes, streams and seas. b. They come directly from the Earth’s crust by weathering, where the soluble salts enter the biogeological cycle. c. After the death of living organisms, the minerals are returned to the soil and water through decomposition and flow.

  1. a only

  2. b only

  3. c only

  4. a and b

  5. a and c
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct answer.

Multiple choice

Earth is an open system of

  1. minerals

  2. energy

  3. gases

  4. water
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Earth is an open system for energy - it continuously receives solar radiation and radiates heat back into space. However, for matter, Earth is essentially a closed system with minimal mass exchange. The question asks specifically about the open system aspect, which is energy flow.