Quantitative Aptitude

Profit, Loss and Discount

2,604 Questions
All Basic CP/SP Percentage Relationship 874 Marked Price, Markup, and Discount 786 Partial Sales and Multiple Transactions 338 Successive Discounts 218 Cost Price of X = Selling Price of Y 180 Faulty Weight or Measure 126 Equal Profit and Loss Rates 57 Free-item Offers 23 Price and Consumption Variation 1

Profit, Loss and Discount Questions

Multiple choice

A merchant marks his goods at Rs. 900 and allows a discount of 25%. If he still gains 12.5%, then the cost price of the article is एक व्यापारी वस्तु का अंकित मूल्य 900 रू. करता है और 25% की छूट प्रदान करता है | इसके बावजूद भी वह 12.5% का लाभ प्राप्त करता है, वस्तु का क्रय मूल्य ज्ञात कीजिये |

  1. 600

  2. 700

  3. 800

  4. 900
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Marked price = Rs.900, discount = 25%, so selling price = 900 × 0.75 = Rs.675. Profit = 12.5%, so CP = 675/1.125 = Rs.600. The cost price is Rs.600.

Multiple choice

A businessman sells a commodity at 10% profit. If he had bought it at 10% less and sold it for Rs.2 less, the he would have gained 16(2/3) %. The cost price of the commodity is? एक व्यापारी एक वस्तु को 10% लाभ पर बेचता है,यदि वह वस्तु को 10% कम मूल्य पर खरीदता और 2 रु कम में बेचता तो उसे 16(2/3)% लाभ होता,तो वस्तु का लागत मूल्य ज्ञात कीजिये|

  1. 40

  2. 56

  3. 75

  4. 85
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP = x. First SP = 1.1x. New CP = 0.9x, new SP = 1.1x - 2. New profit = 16(2/3)% = 50/3%. So (1.1x - 2 - 0.9x) / 0.9x = 50/300 = 1/6. This gives (0.2x - 2)/0.9x = 1/6, solving x = 40. Option A is correct.

Multiple choice

A shopkeeper marks his goods at 25% above the cost price and allows customers a discount of 12(1/2)% for cash payment. The profit, he makes, is

  1. 9(3/8)%

  2. 9(1/2)%

  3. 8(1/2)%

  4. 8(3/8)%

  5. 8(5/8)%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP = 100. Marked price = 125 (25% above CP). After 12.5% discount, SP = 125 × 0.875 = 109.375. Profit = 109.375 - 100 = 9.375%, which equals 9(3/8)%. Options B, C, D, and E are common miscalculations from incorrect discount or markup formulas.

Multiple choice

A trader gains 20% after selling an item at 15% discount on the marked price. The ratio of the cost price and the marked price is- एक व्यापारी एक वस्तु को अंकित मूल्य पर 15% की छूट पर बेचता है और 20% लाभ प्राप्त करता है। क्रय मूल्य और अंकित मूल्य का अनुपात है-

  1. 13 : 19

  2. 15 : 17

  3. 13 : 39

  4. 17 : 24
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Selling price after 15% discount = 0.85 × marked price. Trader gains 20% on cost price, so selling price = 1.2 × cost price. Therefore: 0.85 × MP = 1.2 × CP, giving CP/MP = 0.85/1.2 = 17/24. Ratio CP : MP = 17 : 24.

Multiple choice

After allowing a discount of 15% on its marked price, the value of a watch is Rs. 1190. If no discount is allowed, then the shopkeeper gains 25%. The cost price of the watch is- एक घड़ी के अंकित मूल्य पर 15% की छूट देने पर इसका मूल्य 1190 रू. है । यदि इस पर कोई भी छूट न दी जाए तो दुकानदार 25% का लाभ प्राप्त करता है। घड़ी का क्रय मूल्य है –

  1. Rs.1240

  2. Rs.1120

  3. Rs.1140

  4. Rs.1090
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Watch value after 15% discount = Rs.1190. So 0.85 × marked price = 1190, giving marked price = 1190/0.85 = Rs.1400. Without discount, selling price = Rs.1400, which gives 25% profit. So cost price × 1.25 = 1400, giving cost price = 1400/1.25 = Rs.1120.

Multiple choice

A shopkeeper marks up the price of his goods by 20% and gives a discount of 10% to the customer. Besides this he also cheats both his supplier and his buyer by 100 grams while buying and selling 1 kilogram. If it is known that the shopkeeper takes a discount of 10% from his supplier and he disregards this discount while marking up (i.e he marked up on the discounted price), find the percentage profit for the shopkeeper?

  1. 32%

  2. 45.20%

  3. 46.66%

  4. 36.66%

  5. 39.40%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Let cost price per kg = 100. Supplier gives 10% discount: shopkeeper pays 90. But shopkeeper cheats while buying - gets 1.1kg. Effective cost per kg = 90/1.1 = 81.82. Shopkeeper disregards supplier discount while marking up - marks up 100 (not 90) by 20% to 120, then gives 10% discount: 120 × 0.9 = 108. Cheats while selling - gives only 0.9kg. Effective selling price = 108/0.9 = 120. Profit = (120 - 81.82)/81.82 = 46.66%. Key insight: marking up on undiscounted price despite receiving discount.

Multiple choice

Two blends of a commodity costing Rs.35 and Rs.40 per kg respectively are mixed in the ratio 2:3 by weight. If one-fifth of the mixture is sold at Rs.46 per kg and the remaining at the rate Rs.55 per kg, the profit percent is? किसी वस्तु को क्रमशः रु 35 और रु 40 प्रति किग्रा की लागत वाले दो मिश्रण को वजन के अनुसार 2:3 के अनुपात में मिश्रण किया जाता है| यदि 1/5 मिश्रण 46 प्रति किग्रा और शेष रु 55 प्रति किग्रा की दर से बेचा जाता है, तो लाभ प्रतिशतता कितनी है?

  1. 20

  2. 30

  3. 40

  4. 50
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Cost of mixture per kg = (2x35 + 3x40)/5 = Rs. 38. Selling 1/5 kg at Rs. 46/kg gives Rs. 9.20, and 4/5 kg at Rs. 55/kg gives Rs. 44. Total revenue = Rs. 53.20 per kg. Profit = 53.20 - 38 = Rs. 15.20. Profit % = (15.20/38) x 100 = 40%.

Multiple choice

A photographer allows a discount of 10% on the marked price of a camera. What price must be marked on the camera. Which cost him Rs. 600 to make a profit of 20%? एक फोटोग्राफर एक कैमरे के अंकित मूल्य पर 10% की छूट देता है। 20% का लाभ लेने के लिए कैमरे पर क्या मूल्य अंकित किया जाए जिसकी लागत उसे 600 रूपये आए?

  1. Rs.750 /

  2. Rs. 850

  3. Rs.800

  4. Rs. 700
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Cost price = Rs. 600. Desired profit = 20%, so selling price must be 600 * 1.2 = Rs. 720. This selling price is after 10% discount on marked price, so 0.9 * MP = 720, giving MP = 720/0.9 = Rs. 800. Work backwards from selling price to marked price.

Multiple choice

The cost price of an article is 64 % of the marked price. The gain percentage after allowing a discount of 12% on the marked price is एक वस्तु का क्रय मूल्य अंकित मूल्य का 64% है और उसमे 12% की छूट देने के बाद लाभ प्रतिशत है

  1. 20%

  2. 26.5%

  3. 30%

  4. 37.5%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Let MP = 100, then CP = 64. After 12% discount, SP = 88. Profit = SP - CP = 88 - 64 = 24. Profit % = (24/64) × 100 = 37.5%. The key is working backwards from marked price through discount to selling price, then comparing to cost price.

Multiple choice

A trader offers two successive discounts at the rate of 50% and 50% but at the time of calculation he made a mistake and calculated at 60% and 40% and took Rs.12 less then find the mark price of the article?

  1. 10000

  2. 12000

  3. 15000

  4. 18000

  5. 1200
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Correct successive discounts (50%, 50%): final price = M × 0.5 × 0.5 = 0.25M. Wrong calculation (60%, 40%): final price = M × 0.4 × 0.6 = 0.24M. Difference = 0.25M - 0.24M = 0.01M = Rs. 12. Thus M = Rs. 1200.

Multiple choice

A dishonest dealer professes to sell his goods at cost price, but uses a false weight and thus gains 25%, for a kilogram he uses a weight of- एक बेईमान डीलर अपने माल को लागत कीमत पर बेचने की घोषणा करता है किंतु खोटे बाँट का उपयोग कर 25% लाभ प्राप्त करता है। एक किलोग्राम के लिए वह कितने भार के बाँट का प्रयोग करता है ?

  1. 700 g/ग्राम

  2. 750 g/ग्राम

  3. 800 g/ग्राम

  4. 850 g/ग्राम
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The dealer gains 25% by using false weight. If he uses W grams for 1 kg, he sells W grams at the price of 1000 grams. Gain% = (1000-W)/W × 100 = 25%. Solving: (1000-W)/W = 0.25, so 1000-W = 0.25W, 1000 = 1.25W, W = 1000/1.25 = 800 grams. For every kilogram, he actually gives only 800 grams while charging for 1000 grams, making a 25% profit.

Multiple choice

A person sells 5 toffees in 1 rupee and gets 20% loss. If he sell 3 toffees in 1 rupee, then what profit percent will he get ? एक व्यक्ति यदि 1 रूपये में 5 टॉफी बेचता है तो 20% की हानि प्राप्त करता है। यदि 1 रूपये में 3 टॉफी बेचे तो उसे कितने प्रतिशत लाभ प्राप्त होगा?

  1. 33.33%

  2. 66.66%

  3. 25%

  4. 20%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Selling 5 toffees for Rs. 1 means selling price per toffee = Rs. 0.20. At 20% loss, cost price per toffee = 0.20/0.80 = Rs. 0.25. Selling 3 toffees for Rs. 1 means SP per toffee = Rs. 0.333. Profit = 0.333 - 0.25 = 0.0833. Profit percent = (0.0833/0.25) × 100 = 33.33%.

Multiple choice

What price should a shopkeeper mark on an article, costing him Rs. 153, to gain 20% after allowing discount of 15% ? एक दुकानदार को 153 रू. की कीमत पर 15% छूट देने के बाद 20% लाभ पाने के लिए कितना मूल्य अंकित करना चाहिए ?

  1. Rs. 162

  2. Rs. 184

  3. Rs. 216

  4. Rs. 224
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Let MP be the marked price. After 15% discount, selling price = 0.85 × MP. For 20% profit on cost of Rs. 153, selling price should be 1.2 × 153 = Rs. 183.60. Therefore 0.85 × MP = 183.60, giving MP = 183.60/0.85 = Rs. 216. The shopkeeper marks Rs. 216, offers 15% discount (Rs. 32.40 off), and sells at Rs. 183.60 for a 20% profit.