Quantitative Aptitude

Profit, Loss and Discount

2,604 Questions
All Basic CP/SP Percentage Relationship 874 Marked Price, Markup, and Discount 786 Partial Sales and Multiple Transactions 338 Successive Discounts 218 Cost Price of X = Selling Price of Y 180 Faulty Weight or Measure 126 Equal Profit and Loss Rates 57 Free-item Offers 23 Price and Consumption Variation 1

Profit, Loss and Discount Questions

Multiple choice

A publisher printed 2000 copies of a book at a cost of Rs.70000. He distributes 400 copies freea as specimen copies. He gave 30% discount on printed price and the printed price of each book is Rs.75. What is his gain or loss percent? एक प्रकाशक एक किताब की 2000 प्रतियां 70000 रु. की कीमत पर छापता है | वह 400 प्रतियां नमूने के रूप में मुफ्त दे देता है | वह अंकित मूल्य पर 30% की छूट देता है और प्रत्येक किताब का अंकित मूल्य 75 रु. है | उसका लाभ या हानि पतिशत क्या है ?

  1. 20% gain/लाभ

  2. 20% loss/हानि

  3. 10% loss/हानि

  4. 10% gain/लाभ
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Total cost = Rs.70000 for 2000 copies. Cost per copy = 70000/2000 = Rs.35. Free copies = 400. Sold copies = 1600. Printed price = Rs.75 with 30% discount, so selling price = 75 × 0.7 = Rs.52.50 per copy. Revenue = 1600 × 52.50 = Rs.84000. Total investment includes 400 free copies at cost Rs.35 each = 400 × 35 = Rs.14000. Total cost = 70000 + 14000 = Rs.84000. Revenue = Cost, so no gain or loss. However, the marked answer is 20% gain. Let me re-verify: Actually, the 400 copies are from the 2000 printed, so total cost is Rs.70000 only. Revenue = 1600 × 52.50 = Rs.84000. Profit = 84000 - 70000 = Rs.14000. Profit % = (14000/70000) × 100 = 20%. This matches option A.

Multiple choice

A man sold his article at a lost of 5% Had he sold it for Rs. 1800 more he would have made a profit of 4%. Find the cost price of the article. एक आदमी, अपनी वस्तु को 5% हानि पर बेचता है, अगर वह इसे 1800 रू. अधिक पर बेचे तो उसे 4% का लाभ होता है। क्रय मूल्य वस्तु का ज्ञात कीजिए?

  1. 15580

  2. 2000

  3. 20,000

  4. 10,000
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP = x. At 5% loss: SP = 0.95x. At 4% profit: SP = 1.04x. Difference: 1.04x - 0.95x = 1800, so 0.09x = 1800, giving x = 20,000. The key insight is that 9% of CP equals Rs. 1800.

Multiple choice

A man sells an article at a profit of 15%. If he had bought it at 5% more and sold it for Rs. 40 less, his profit would have been zero. Find the cost price. एक आदमी एक वस्तु को 15% लाभ पर बेचता है। यदि वह इसे 5% अधिक पर खरीदे और 40 रू. कम में बेच दे तो लाभ शून्य रहता है। क्रय मूल्य ज्ञात कीजिए।

  1. Rs./रु.250

  2. Rs./रु.300

  3. Rs./रु.350

  4. Rs./रु.400
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP = x. Original SP = x + 0.15x = 1.15x. New CP = x + 0.05x = 1.05x. New SP = 1.15x - 40. New profit = 0%, so SP = CP. Therefore: 1.15x - 40 = 1.05x, giving 0.1x = 40, so x = 400. The cost price is Rs. 400. Verification: Original CP = 400, SP = 460 (15% profit). New CP = 420, SP = 420 (0% profit, which is 460-40).

Multiple choice

An article is sold at 10% loss, had it been sold for Rs. 30 more the loss would have been 5% only what is the cost price of the article? एक वस्तु 10% हानि पर बेची जाती है, यदि उसे 30 रू. अधिक में बेचा जाता है तो हानि केवल 5% की होती है। उस वस्तु का लागत मूल्य क्या है?

  1. Rs. 600

  2. Rs. 300

  3. Rs. 500

  4. Rs. 200
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP be x. At 10% loss, SP = 0.9x. If sold for Rs. 30 more, SP = 0.9x + 30 and loss is 5%, so 0.9x + 30 = 0.95x. Solving: 30 = 0.05x, so x = 30/0.05 = Rs. 600. Therefore, option A is correct. The difference between 10% loss and 5% loss is 5% of CP, which equals Rs. 30.

Multiple choice

The percentage profit earned by selling an article for Rs. 2180 is equal to the percentage loss incurred by selling the same article for Rs. 1420. At what price should the article be sold to make 30% profit?

  1. Rs.2040

  2. Rs.2110

  3. Rs.2230

  4. Rs.2340
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP be cost price. Profit % at SP=2180 equals Loss % at SP=1420. So (2180-CP)/CP = (CP-1420)/CP. This gives 2180-CP = CP-1420, so 2CP = 3600, CP = 1800. For 30% profit, SP = 1800 × 1.30 = 2340. Option D is correct.

Multiple choice

By selling an article for Rs.350 instead of Rs.400, loss percent increases by 5%. The cost price of the article is एक वस्तु को रु.400 के स्थान पर रु.350 में बेचेने पर हानि प्रतिशत में 5% की हानि होती है | वस्तु का क्रय मूल्य है

  1. Rs.435

  2. Rs.417.50

  3. Rs.1000

  4. Rs.1050
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Selling at Rs.400 instead of Rs.350 means the difference Rs.50 equals 5% of cost price. So CP × 0.05 = 50, CP = 1000. Verification: At CP=1000, selling at 400 gives loss = 600 (60%), selling at 350 gives loss = 650 (65%), which is indeed 5% more.

Multiple choice

A man buys two books for a total cost of Rs. 1350. By selling one for fourth-fifth of its cost and the other for fifth-fourth of its cost he makes a profit of Rs. 135 for overall transaction. The cost of the lower price book is- एक आदमी दो किताबें 1350 रू. में खरीदता है। एक किताब को उसके क्रय मूल्य के चार-पंचमाश भाग पर बेचने पर तथा दूसरे को उसके क्रय मूल्य के पांच-चतुर्थांश भाग पर बेचने पर वह पूरे सौदे में 135 रू. का लाभ प्राप्त करता है। कम मूल्य वाली किताब का क्रय मूल्य है-

  1. Rs. 450

  2. Rs. 350

  3. Rs.650

  4. Rs. 550
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Let the costs be x and y. So x + y = 1350. Selling prices: (4/5)x and (5/4)y. Total profit: (4/5)x + (5/4)y - (x + y) = 135. This gives -x/5 + y/4 = 135, or y/4 - x/5 = 135. Solving with x + y = 1350 gives x = 450 and y = 900. The lower price book costs Rs. 450.

Multiple choice

A retailer gives 25% discount on marked price and takes a profit of 20%. Find the cost price of the article whose marked price is Rs.480 . कोई दुकानदार वस्तु के अंकित मूल्य पर 25% की छूट देकर 20% का लाभ कमाता है। तो 480 रू. अंकित मूल्य वाली वस्तु का क्रय मूल्य ज्ञात कीजिए।

  1. Rs./रू.250

  2. Rs./रू.300

  3. Rs./रू.350

  4. Rs./रू.360
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

After 25% discount on Rs.480, SP = 480 × 0.75 = 360. With 20% profit: CP = 360/1.2 = 300. Verify: 300 + 20% = 360 (SP), and 360 is 75% of 480 (25% discount). Options A, C, D are incorrect.

Multiple choice

A loss of 17% gets converted into a profit of 19% when the selling price is increased by Rs.198, The cost price of the article is एक 17% की हानि को 19% के लाभ से प्रतिस्थापित किया जाता है जब विक्रय मूल्य में रु.198 की वृद्धि की जाती है | वस्तु का क्रय मूल्य है

  1. Rs./रु.450

  2. Rs./रु.550

  3. Rs./रु.650

  4. Rs./रु.800
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP = x. 17% loss means SP = 0.83x. 19% profit means SP = 1.19x. Increase = 1.19x - 0.83x = 0.36x = Rs.198. So x = 198/0.36 = 19800/36 = 550. The cost price is Rs.550. Options A (450), C (650), and D (800) don't satisfy the equation.

Multiple choice

After allowing a discount of 12% on the marked price, a shopkeeper still gains 21%. The marked price is above the cost price by अंकित मूल्य पर 12% की छूट देने के बाद भी एक दुकानदार 21% का लाभ प्राप्त करता है | अंकित मूल्य, क्रय मूल्य से अधिक है

  1. 25%

  2. 30%

  3. 37.5%

  4. 42.5%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP = 100. After 12% discount, SP = 88. Shopkeeper still gains 21%, so actual CP = 88/1.21 = 88 × 100/121 ≈ 72.73. MP = 100 (by our assumption). MP above CP = (100 - 72.73)/72.73 × 100% = 27.27/72.73 × 100% ≈ 37.5%. Alternatively, if actual CP = x and MP = m, then 0.88m = 1.21x, so m = 1.375x, meaning MP is 37.5% above CP. Options A (25%), B (30%), and D (42.5%) are incorrect.

Multiple choice

A businessman bought an antique article and sold it at a loss of 5%. If he had bought it for 10% less and sold it for Rs.33 more, he would have had a profit of 30%. The cost price of the article is एक व्यवसायी एक प्राचीन वस्तु को खरीदता है और इसे 5% की हानि पर बेच देता है |यदि वह इसे 10% कम दाम पर खरीदे और 33 रु. अधिक पर बेच दे, वह एक 30% का लाभ प्राप्त करता है | वस्तु का क्रय मूल्य है

  1. Rs./रु.330

  2. Rs./रु.155

  3. Rs./रु.150

  4. Rs./रु.300
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP = C. First SP = 0.95C. New CP = 0.9C, new SP = 0.95C + 33. Profit on new: (0.95C + 33 - 0.9C)/0.9C = 0.30. So (0.05C + 33) = 0.27C, giving 0.22C = 33, C = 150. Verifying: CP = 150, first SP = 142.5 (5% loss). New scenario: CP = 135, SP = 175.5, profit = 40.5 which is 30% of 135.

Multiple choice

A machine is marked at Rs. 7,500. The shopkeeper allows successive discounts of 8%, 5% and 2% on it. The net selling price is- एक मशीन पर रू. 7,500 अंकित है। दुकानदार 8%, 5% और 2% की क्रमिक कटौतियां देता है। उस वस्तु का शुद्ध विक्रय दाम है

  1. Rs. 6,400.30

  2. Rs. 6,423.90

  3. Rs. 6,427.50

  4. Rs. 6,415.40
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Apply discounts sequentially: 7500 × 0.92 = 6900; 6900 × 0.95 = 6555; 6555 × 0.98 = 6423.90. Each discount reduces the current price, not the original. Multiplying by (1 - discount rate) gives the final SP.

Multiple choice

Mr. Sharma sold his bike to Mr. Kelkar at a loss of 20%.Mr. Kelkar spends Rs 2,000 on its repair and sells it for Rs 22,000, thus making a profit of 10%.Then the cost price of the bike for Mr. Sharma is श्री शर्मा ने अपनी बाइक श्री केलकर को 20% हानि पर बेची। इसके बाद श्री केलकर ने उसकी मरम्मत पर 2,000 रू. खर्च किए और उसे 22,000 रू. में बेचकर, 10% लाभ प्राप्त किया। तदनुसार, श्री शर्मा के लिए उस बाइक का लागत मूल्य है-

  1. Rs 18,500

  2. Rs 25,000

  3. Rs 22,500

  4. Rs 15,000
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Let Sharma's CP be x. Selling at 20% loss: SP = 0.8x. Kelkar spends 2000, so total CP = 0.8x + 2000. Kelkar sells at 10% profit: 22000 = 1.1(0.8x + 2000). Solving: 0.8x + 2000 = 20000, so 0.8x = 18000, x = 22500. Working backward through profit/loss chain.

Multiple choice

While selling a watch ,a shopkeeper gives a discount of 5% .If he gives a discount of 7%, he earns Rs.15 less as profit, the marked price of the watch is - एक घड़ी को बेचने पर एक दुकानदार 5% की छूट देता है। यदि वह 7% की छूट देता है तो वह लाभ के रूप में 15 रू. कम पाता है। घड़ी का अंकित मूल्य है?

  1. Rs. 697.50

  2. Rs. 712.50

  3. Rs. 787.50

  4. Rs. 750
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Let marked price be M. At 5% discount, profit = some amount. At 7% discount, profit reduces by Rs. 15. The difference in discount is 2% of marked price, which equals Rs. 15. So 0.02M = 15, M = 15/0.02 = Rs. 750. The profit at each discount level is not given, but the key insight is that the 2% difference in discount causes Rs. 15 difference in profit.

Multiple choice

A sells a bicycle to B at a profit of 20% .B sells it to C at a profit of 25% .If C pays Rs. 225 for it,then the cost price for bicycle for A is - Aने B को एक साइकिल 20% लाभ पर बेचता है। B इसे C को 25% लाभ पर बेचता है। यदि C इसके लिए 225 रू.भुगतान करता है तो A के लिए साइकिल का क्रय मूल्य क्या है?

  1. Rs.110

  2. Rs.120

  3. Rs.125

  4. Rs.150
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Working backwards: C pays Rs. 225. B sold to C at 25% profit, so B's cost = 225/1.25 = Rs. 180. A sold to B at 20% profit, so A's cost = 180/1.2 = Rs. 150. This is a reverse profit chain calculation.