Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Antitranspirants are compounds applied to the leaves of plants to reduce transpiration. Some examples are phenylmercury acetate, abscisic acid (ABA), and aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid). ABA is a well-known antitranspirant.
Thus, the correct answer is an option (D). 

Liquorice or licorice is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra from which a sweet flavour can be extracted. Licorice is taken by mouth for various digestive system complaints including stomach ulcers, heartburn, colic, and ongoing inflammation of the lining of the stomach (chronic gastritis). 

The drug belladona is obtained from roots of Atropa belladona. Atropa belladonna, commonly known as belladonna or deadly nightshade, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the family Solanaceae. The foliage and berries are extremely toxic, containing tropane alkaloids. These toxins include scopolamine and hyoscyamine, which cause a bizarre delirium and hallucinations.

Dioscorea spp, commonly known as Yams belong to family Dioscoreaceae. The true Yams, belonging to the genus Dioscorea are grown throughout the wetter tropics for their stem tubers. They are important sources of food for millions of people in the tropics, especially in the south western Nigeria where they are a staple food. Dioscorea is a large genus with about 600 tropical or subtropical species. Yams constitute a cheap source of carbohydrate foods and are nutritionally better than cassava because of a higher proportion of proteins. They also contain more of vitamin C.
In recent years, wild species have been much used for the extraction of steroidal sapogenins which can be converted into cortisone, into the testosterone (male hormone) and the oestrogens as well as progesterones (female hormones). Three wild species particularly D. composita, D floribunda, D. mexicana have been used as a source material for the manufacture of oral contraceptives. In this way this genus has contributed significantly towards controlling the world population.

Cyclosporin is an immunosuppressive agent used in organ transplant patient. It is produced by fungus Trichoderma polysporum.

Immunosuppressants are drugs that inhibit or prevent the activity of the immune system, which is necessary to prevent the body from rejecting transplanted organs.

Immunosuppressants are used to manage graft versus host disease and are often required after procedures like bone marrow transplantation to prevent rejection.

Cyclosporin A is a potent immunosuppressant drug commonly used in organ transplantation to prevent rejection.

Chronic opioid use is known to suppress both innate and adaptive immune responses, affecting cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation. Tetracyclines are antibiotics and analgesics are a broad class, neither of which are primarily classified as immunosuppressants.

Methotrexate is an immunosuppressant mainly used as a folic acid analogue. It is known as amethopterin is a chemotherapy agent and immune system suppressant. It is used to treat cancer, autoimmune diseases, ectopic pregnancy and medical abortions. Used for include breast cancer, leukemia, lung cancer, lymphoma.

IFN is the immunosuppressive drug to slow down the progression of multiple sclerosis. It is used to treat various cancers and virus infections. It is same as protein that your body naturally produces. It is through to work by affecting cell function and body's natural defenses in many ways.

Immuno-modulators are natural or synthetic substances that help to regulate or normalise the immune system. There are two types of immuno-modulators viz, immuno-suppressants, which cause immuno-suppression of the immune system and immuno-stimulants (immuno-stimulators) which stimulate immune system by inducing or increasing activity of any of its component. Thus the correct answer is option D.

Cyclosporin is an effective immunosuppressant used in the treatment of autoimmune disorders (such as rheumatoid arthritis) and in organ transplantation to prevent rejection. Cyclosporin lowers the activity of T-cells and hence, suppressing the activity of the immune system. Cyclosporin was isolated from the fungus Tolypocladium inflatum. Common side effects include high blood pressure, headache, kidney problems, increased hair growth, and vomiting.

A) $Penicillium$ is an antibiotic and is not related to heart patients.
B) $Trichoderma\quad polysporum$ is a fungus that is used to produce the drug cyclosporine which is used to overcome rejection reactions after organ translplants.
C) $Monascus\quad purpureus$ is a yeast from which statins are produced which acts as a clot buster and controls cholesterol levels. It is not related to swine flu.