Chemistry · Biology

Pharmacology and Therapeutics

1,699 Questions

Engage with critical pharmacology and therapeutics questions covering drug classifications and therapeutic mechanisms. Topics include chemical absorption, medication formulations, and pharmacogenomics. This collection is useful for students preparing for medical entrance, nursing, and science competitive examinations.

Chemical absorption routesDrug formulation typesMedication mechanismsEnzyme inhibitorsPharmacogenomic tests

Pharmacology and Therapeutics Questions

Multiple choice biology plant kingdom and the environment around us some important plants uses of plants as medicine medicinal plants

Atropa belladonna yields medicine used for ______________.

  1. Gastric ulcers

  2. Checking the eyes

  3. Leprosy

  4. Constipation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

(b) Atropa belladonna (Solanaceae) is the source of drug atropine. Atropine is an alkaloid obtained from leaves and is used in eye testing and treatment.

So, the correct answer is 'Checking the eyes'

Multiple choice biology plant kingdom and the environment around us some important plants uses of plants as medicine medicinal plants

Opium or morphine is obtained from the latex of unripe fruit of

  1. Papaver somniferum

  2. Coffea arabica

  3. Thea sinensis

  4. Oryza sativa
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Poppy is a flowering plant belongs to the family Papaveraceae. Opium and morphine are obtained from the latex of unripe fruit of Papaver somniferum.

Coffer arabica is a type of coffee that is produced from Coffee Arabica plant. Thea Sinensis is a tea plant that belongs to Theaceae family. Oryza sativa is rice that belongs to the grass family.
Hence option A is correct.

Multiple choice biology plant kingdom and the environment around us some important plants uses of plants as medicine medicinal plants

Strychnine which is of medicinal importance is essentially ____________.

  1. An antibiotic

  2. Antimalarial drug

  3. An alkaloid from Strychnos nuxvomica

  4. Antihypertensive drug
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

 The dried ripe seeds are the source of a drug nux vomica (Strychnos) which is used as a tonic, stimulant and in the treatment of paralysis and nervous disorders.

So, the correct answer is 'An alkaloid from Strychnos nux vomica'

Multiple choice biology plant kingdom and the environment around us some important plants uses of plants as medicine medicinal plants

Narcotic and soothing properties of tobacco is due to or Harmful alkaloid contained in the leaves of tobacco is ___________.

  1. Caffeine

  2. Aconite

  3. Nicotine

  4. Codeine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

 Nicotine is a harmful alkaloid of tobacco and the pharmacological activity of tobacco is almost entirely  due to its content nicotine which is consumed in various forms, is absorbed through the lining of the lungs,gut etc it acts upon the nervous system, may cause paralysis, cyanosis etc. It is an irritant and therefore may lead to oral and lung cancer.

So, the correct answer is 'Nicotine'

Multiple choice biology plant kingdom and the environment around us some important plants uses of plants as medicine medicinal plants

Secondary metabolites of plant weed 'vinca rosea' which is used as anti-cancerous drugs in

  1. Vincristine

  2. Cyclophosphamide

  3. Vinblastin

  4. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vinca rosea is an ornamental plant. It produces secondary metabolites Vincristine. This vincristine is used as anti-cancerous drugs. Vinblastine is an alkaloid produced by the same plant. These both compounds are used in treatment of leukemias, lymphomas and childhood cancers,

Thus, the correct answer is 'Both A and C.'

Multiple choice biology plant kingdom and the environment around us some important plants uses of plants as medicine medicinal plants

The drugs-caffeine, tannin and nicotine are

  1. Alkaloids

  2. Cortisones

  3. Steroids

  4. Mild alkalis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class. It is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug. Unlike many other psychoactive substances, it is legal and unregulated in nearly all parts of the world. There are several known mechanisms of action to explain the effects of caffeine. The most prominent is that it reversibly blocks the action of adenosine on its receptor and consequently prevents the onset of drowsiness induced by adenosine. Caffeine also stimulates certain portions of the autonomic nervous system. Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline purine, a methylxanthine alkaloid, and is chemically related to the adenine and guanine bases of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Tannins (or tannoids) are a class of astringent, polyphenolic biomolecules that bind to and precipitate proteins and various other organic compounds including amino acids and alkaloids. The term tannin refers to the use of oak and other bark in tanning animal hides into leather. The tannin compounds are widely distributed in many species of plants, where they play a role in protection from predation, and perhaps also as pesticides, and might help in regulating plant growth. The astringency from the tannins is what causes the dry and puckery feeling in the mouth following the consumption of unripened fruit, red wine or tea. Likewise, the destruction or modification of tannins with time plays an important role when determining harvesting times.
Nicotine is an anti herbivory alkaloid and potent parasympathomimetic stimulant found in plants, mostly those in the nightshade family. Nicotine acts as a receptor agonist at most nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), except at two nicotinic receptor subunits (nAChRα9 and nAChRα10) where it acts as a receptor antagonist. Nicotine is highly addictive. It is one of the most commonly abused drugs. 
So the correct option is 'alkaloids'.


Multiple choice biology plant kingdom and the environment around us some important plants uses of plants as medicine medicinal plants

Which one of the following is an antimalarial drug?

  1. Quinine

  2. Ephedrine

  3. Morphine

  4. Digoxin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Quinine in as alkaloid derivative obtained from the bark of cinchona tree. It is used as an anti-malarial drug.

B. Ephedrine is obtained from Ephedra and is used as a sympathomimetic drug.
C. Morphine is obtained from Opium and is used as an analgesic, anaesthetic and sedative.
D. Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Quinine'

Multiple choice chemistry rocks and minerals coal and its products study of coal coal

Coal tar belongs to a class of drugs known as:

  1. aldehydes

  2. alcohols

  3. keratoplastics

  4. none of above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Coal tar belongs to a class of drugs known as keratoplastics. It works by causing the skin to shed dead cells from its top layer and slow down the growth of skin cells. This effect decreases scaling and dryness. Coal tar can also decrease itchiness from these skin conditions.

Multiple choice chemistry rocks and minerals coal and its products study of coal coal

Which of the following is the only coal-tar derived analgesic, still in use today?

  1. Acetaldehyde

  2. Paracetamol

  3. Penicillin

  4. Formaldehyde
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Various phenolic coal tar derivatives have analgesic (pain-killer) properties. These include acetanilide, phenacetin, and paracetamol (acetaminophen). Paracetamol is the only coal-tar derived analgesic still in use today, but industrial phenol is now usually synthesized from crude oil rather than coal tar.

Multiple choice biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

THC (tetra hydro cannabinol) is the active ingredient of all the following, except.

  1. Hashish

  2. Ganja

  3. Mescaline

  4. Marijuana
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Hashish, ganja, and marijuana all three of this psychoactive drug obtained from the same plant ie Hemp ( Cannabis sativa).
  • Marijuana is the dried flower and the leaves of the female plant of cannabis. 
Hashish is also obtained from the cannabis plant but it is a more concentrated version of it. The Cannabis flower and leaves that fall off the plant are made into a ball and pressed with a knife and dried and then can be consumed orally or smoked.
  • Ganja is simply the leaves of the cannabis plants that are smoked.
All of the above three drugs have tetra hydro cannabinol as their active ingredients.
  • Mescaline is a hallucinogenic drug obtained from the plants of peyote cactus ( Lophophora Williams) with 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine as the active ingredient.

Therefore the correct answer is option C
Multiple choice biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

Which of the following combination of drugs has a dramatic rapid increase in sedative effect?

  1. Alcohol $+$ Antihistamines
  2. Alcohol $+$ Benzodiazepines
  3. Alcohol $+$ Aspirin
  4. Amphetamine $+$ Insulin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Mixing drugs can have numerous detrimental effects. A common method of drug abuse involves mixing benzodiazepines with alcohol. They are abused together because both sedatives like benzodiazepines and alcohol are central nervous system depressants, using them together can cause excessive sedation.
So, the correct option is 'Alcohol + Benzodiazepines'.

Multiple choice biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

In an epileptic patient,doctor administer a $GABA$ facilitatory  drug. After considerable time fits are absent in the patient.What would be the probable mechanism of that drug 

  1. It cause blocking of neurotransmitter at synaps and forms a complex

  2. It desensitize post synaptic membrane for neurotransmitter
  3. It inhibits $Na^+-K^+AT$ pase pump

  4. It cause hyperpolarisation of post synaptic membrane and generate IPSP
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A GABA receptor agonist is a drug that is an agonist for one or more of the GABA receptors, producing typically sedative effects, and may also cause other effects such as anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant effects. 
So the correct option is 'It causes blocking of neurotransmitter at synapses and forms a complex'.
Multiple choice biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

Drug that increases cardiovascular effects is?

  1. Nicotine $+$ Cocaine
  2. Benzodiazepine $+$ Barbitunate
  3. Barbiturates $+$ Novacaine
  4. Insulin $+$ amphetamine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Nicotine and cocaine are both stimulants that increase heart rate and blood pressure, leading to synergistic cardiovascular effects. Other combinations listed involve depressants or mixtures that do not specifically target cardiovascular enhancement as their primary interaction.