Chemistry · Biology

Pharmacology and Therapeutics

1,643 Questions

Engage with critical pharmacology and therapeutics questions covering drug classifications and therapeutic mechanisms. Topics include chemical absorption, medication formulations, and pharmacogenomics. This collection is useful for students preparing for medical entrance, nursing, and science competitive examinations.

Chemical absorption routesDrug formulation typesMedication mechanismsEnzyme inhibitorsPharmacogenomic tests

Pharmacology and Therapeutics Questions

Multiple choice zoology immune system active and passive immunity immunity related disorders and problems diseases and immunity

Which of the following is correct for immuno-modulators?

  1. They always suppress immune system

  2. They never suppress immune system

  3. They always stimulate immune system

  4. Specific immuno-modulators stimulate the immuno response of immune system, whereas some other immuno-modulators inhibit it
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Immuno-modulators are natural or synthetic substances that help to regulate or normalise the immune system. There are two types of immuno-modulators viz, immuno-suppressants, which cause immuno-suppression of the immune system and immuno-stimulants (immuno-stimulators) which stimulate immune system by inducing or increasing activity of any of its component. Thus the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology immune system active and passive immunity immunity related disorders and problems diseases and immunity

Rejection of transplanted organ is prevented by regular use of

  1. Cyclosporin

  2. Calcitonin

  3. Thrombin

  4. Pyroxin

  5. Aspirin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cyclosporin is an effective immunosuppressant used in the treatment of autoimmune disorders (such as rheumatoid arthritis) and in organ transplantation to prevent rejection. Cyclosporin lowers the activity of T-cells and hence, suppressing the activity of the immune system. Cyclosporin was isolated from the fungus Tolypocladium inflatum. Common side effects include high blood pressure, headache, kidney problems, increased hair growth, and vomiting.

So, the correct answer is 'Cyclosporin'.

Multiple choice zoology immune system active and passive immunity immunity related disorders and problems diseases and immunity

Read the following statement having two blanks (A and B). "A drug used for A patients is obtained from a species of the organism B. The one correct option for the two blanks is

  1. A-heart, B-Penicillium

  2. A-organ-transplant, B-Trichoderma

  3. A-swine flu, B-Monascus

  4. A-AIDS, B-Pseudomonas
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A) $Penicillium$ is an antibiotic and is not related to heart patients.
B) $Trichoderma\quad polysporum$ is a fungus that is used to produce the drug cyclosporine which is used to overcome rejection reactions after organ translplants.
C) $Monascus\quad purpureus$ is a yeast from which statins are produced which acts as a clot buster and controls cholesterol levels. It is not related to swine flu.

D) $Pseudomonas$ is an infection causing bacteria. AIDS is caused by a virus.
So the correct answer is 'A-organ-transplant, B-Trichoderma'.

Multiple choice zoology immune system active and passive immunity immunity related disorders and problems diseases and immunity

Which of the following drugs is used in leukaemia patients as an immunosuppressant?

  1. Cyclophosphamide

  2. Tetracycline

  3. Beta blockers

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A-Cyclophosphamide CP known as cytophoshphane among other names is a medication used as chemotherapy and to suppress the immune system. Chemotherapy is used to treat lymphoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, small cell lung cancer, neuroblastoma, and sarcoma.

So the correct option is A.

Multiple choice zoology immune system active and passive immunity immunity related disorders and problems diseases and immunity

 ............. are fungal metabolites with immunosuppressive properties.

  1. Cyclosporin A

  2. Rapamycin

  3. Tetracycline

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Both Cyclosporin A (derived from Tolypocladium inflatum) and Rapamycin (derived from Streptomyces hygroscopicus) are well-known fungal metabolites used as potent immunosuppressants in transplantation.

Multiple choice zoology immune system active and passive immunity immunity related disorders and problems diseases and immunity

Cyclosporin is useful in

  1. Prophylactic for viruses

  2. Immunosuppressant

  3. Prophylactic for marasmus

  4. Treating allergic eozema
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cyclosporin is an effective immunosuppressant used in the treatment of autoimmune disorders (such as rheumatoid arthritis) and in organ transplantation to prevent rejection. Cyclosporin lowers the activity of T-cells and hence, suppressing the activity of the immune system. Cyclosporin was isolated from the fungus Tolypocladium inflatum. Common side effects include high blood pressure, headache, kidney problems, increased hair growth, and vomiting. So, the correct answer is 'Immunosuppressant'.

Multiple choice biology transport in animals cardiac cycle heart, blood vessels and cardiac cycle human heart

Which of the following set is correct?

  1. Sebum - Analgesic

  2. Vitamin - Nicotine

  3. Corpus callosum - Graffian follicle

  4. Bundle of His - Purkinje fibre
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The bundle of His is the upper end of the electrical path,which through the Purkinje fibres allows the electrical signal to activate the ventricles and thus to pump the blood.

So, the correct answer is 'Bundle of His - Purkinje fibre'.

Multiple choice biology windows of knowledge human tongue organ of taste tongue : the organ of taste

Which of the following taste is mediated by inotropic glutamate receptor?

  1. Sweet

  2. Bitter

  3. Umami

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Ionotropic glutamate receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that are activated by the neurotransmitter glutamate.
  • Umami describes foods with an inherent savoriness(delicious, tasty). It has been described as brothy or meaty. You can taste umami in foods like Parmesan cheese, seaweed, miso, and mushrooms, which contain a high level of the amino acid, glutamate.
  • As the umami food contains a high level of amino acid glutamate its mediated by ionotropic glutamate receptor. The receptor detects glutamate in the food and sends signals to the brain.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Umami'.
Multiple choice biology body fluids and circulation cardiac disorders cardiac regulation and disorders the blood system

A patient was administered a chemical agent called Guanfacine hydrochloride after the patient showed the symptoms like shortness of breath and headache. Guantacme hydrochloride is a known stimulant of central $\alpha - 2 $ -adrenergic receptors of the medulla regulating the sympathetic nervous system. The patient in this case must be suffering from

  1. Hypertension

  2. Hyperslimulation

  3. Hyperpolarization

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Alpha 2 receptors in the brain stem and in the periphery inhibit sympathetic activity and thus lower blood pressure.

Guanfacine is an antihypertensive drug whose principal mechanism of action is the stimulation of central α2-adrenergic receptors. By stimulating these receptors, guanfacine reduces sympathetic nerve impulses from the vasomotor center to the heart and blood vessels. This decreases blood pressure.
So, the correct option is 'Hypertension'. 

Multiple choice biology blood circulatory system of human cardiac disorders cardiac regulation and disorders the blood system

A chemical that prevents blood clotting is most useful in the treatment of

  1. Leukaemia

  2. Anaemia

  3. Coronary thrombosis

  4. Haemophilia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In coronary thrombosis, blood clotting occurs which becomes fatal. Physicians normally prescribe such medicines which prevent blood clotting or dissolve the clots that are formed.

Multiple choice chemistry biomolecules enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which of the following is an antidiabetic drug :

  1. Insulin

  2. Penicillin

  3. Chloroquine

  4. Aspirin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Antidiabetic drugs are medicines developed to stabilise and control blood glucose levels amongst people with diabetes. Antidiabetic drugs are commonly used to manage diabetes.

There are a number of different types of antidiabetic drug including:

  • Insulin
  • Pramlintide (Amylin)
  • $GLP-1$ receptor agonists (such as Byetta and Victoza)
  • Oral hypoglycemics (tablets)