Chemistry · Biology

Pharmacology and Therapeutics

1,699 Questions

Engage with critical pharmacology and therapeutics questions covering drug classifications and therapeutic mechanisms. Topics include chemical absorption, medication formulations, and pharmacogenomics. This collection is useful for students preparing for medical entrance, nursing, and science competitive examinations.

Chemical absorption routesDrug formulation typesMedication mechanismsEnzyme inhibitorsPharmacogenomic tests

Pharmacology and Therapeutics Questions

Multiple choice evs science of kitchen balanced diet and malnutrition assimilation of food components and importance of food skeletal system and muscles assimilation of food and egestion busy at work - our internal organs

Most effective treatment of constipation is 

  1. ORS

  2. PEG

  3. NICE

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Laxative PEG is a medicine used to treat constipation. It works by holding water in the stool to soften the stool so that it can expel out of the body easily. It also increases the number of bowel movement. It is also known as an osmotic-type laxative.
So the correct answer is 'PEG'.
Multiple choice evs science of kitchen balanced diet and malnutrition assimilation of food components and importance of food skeletal system and muscles assimilation of food and egestion busy at work - our internal organs

Which of the following is used as antiemetic?

  1. Antihistamine

  2. Antibiotic

  3. Calcitonine

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
An antiemetic is a drug that is effective against nausea and vomiting. Antiemetics are used to treat motion sickness and side effects of opioid analgesics, general anaesthetics and chemotherapy directed against cancer.
Antihistamine is an anti-allergen drug which is used as antiemetics.
So the correct answer is 'Antihistamine'.
Multiple choice evs we are special defects of eye disorders of nervous system braille script

Which of the following medicines is used to dilate pupil? 

  1. Atropine

  2. Cocaine

  3. Beladonna

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Medicines which are used to enlarge or dilate the pupil for the eye examination is called as dilating drops such as atropine, cocaine and scopolamine. These chemicals are derived from belladonna. Atropine works by blocking muscarinic receptors, that are found in the muscles of the eye. These receptors are involved in controlling the size of the pupil and the shape of the lens. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology soldiers of defense blood clotting and healing of wounds coagulation of blood blood clotting

Anticoagulant is 

  1. Citrate and oxalate

  2. Dicumarol

  3. Heparin

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

All of them are anticoagulant. 'Citrate' is in liquid form and is used for coagulation tests, as well as in blood transfusion bags. It binds with the calcium ion, preventing the coagulation proteins from using them and thus prevent blood from clotting and this can be reversed with the addition of calcium. It can be in the form of sodium citrate or acid-citrate-dextrose.
'Oxalate' is an anticoagulant, which has a mechanism similar to that of citrate. It is used in fluoride oxalate tubes, used to determine glucose and lactate levels.
'Dicoumarol' is a naturally occurring anticoagulant that functions as a functional vitamin K depleter. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.
'Heparin' is widely used anticoagulant. It works by activating antithrombin III, which blocks thrombin from clotting blood. It can be used in vivo as an injectable anticoagulant. It can also be used to form an inner anticoagulant surface on various experimental and medical devices such as test tubes and renal dialysis machines.

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice biology soldiers of defense blood clotting and healing of wounds coagulation of blood blood clotting

An anticoagulant is

  1. Heparin

  2. Hirudin

  3. EDTA

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Heparin is a natural anticoagulant in the body. Hirudin is an anticoagulant produced by leech while sucking the blood of the host. EDTA acts as an anticoagulant by removing calcium ions from the blood and thus chelates with them.

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice biology soldiers of defense blood clotting and healing of wounds coagulation of blood blood clotting

An anticoagulant used for preventing clotting in vitro is sodium oxalate. It prevents clot formation by

  1. Combining with cations in the blood

  2. Inhibiting clotting factor VIII activity

  3. Getting itself deposited over the surface of ROC

  4. Blocking the fibrinogen activity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Sodium oxalate (like citrates) can be used to remove calcium ions (Ca$^{2+}$) from the blood plasma. The oxalate prevents clotting by forming insoluble calcium salts, thus removing ionic calcium (or cations).
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology soldiers of defense blood clotting and healing of wounds coagulation of blood blood clotting

A chemical that prevents blood clotting is most useful in the treatment of

  1. Leukemia

  2. Anaemia

  3. Coronary thrombosis

  4. Haemophilia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A chemical that prevents blood clotting is most useful in the treatment of coronary thrombosis.
Coronary thrombosis is a blockage of the flow of blood to the heart, caused by a blood clot in a coronary artery. It is associated with narrowing of blood vessels subsequent to clotting. Thus, diluting of blood is an effective treatment in coronary thrombosis.
Leukemia is a cancer of blood-forming tissues, hindering the body's ability to fight infection.
Anaemia is a condition in which the blood doesn't have enough healthy red blood cells.
Haemophilia is a disorder in which blood doesn't clot normally. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Multiple choice biology soldiers of defense blood clotting and healing of wounds coagulation of blood blood clotting

Which one of the following substances, if introduced in blood stream would cause coagulation of blood at the site of its introduction?

  1. Prothrombin

  2. Fibrinogen

  3. Thromboplastin

  4. Heparin.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Thromboplastin is the initiator of the extrinsic clotting pathway; introducing it directly into the bloodstream triggers the coagulation cascade at that site.

Multiple choice biology useful and harmful microbes mycorrhiza classification of fungi harmful microorganisms

Medicinal importance alkaloids extracted from Claviceps are  

  1. Ergometrine

  2. Ergotoxine

  3. Ergotamine

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Ergometrine, Ergotoxine, Ergotamine all are alkaloids of medicinal importance extracted from Claviceps. Claviceps purpurea is an ergot fungus that grows on the ears of rye and related cereal and forae plants. Consumption of grains or seeds contaminated with the survival structure of this fungus, the ergot sclerotium, can cause ergotism in humans and other mammals. Ergotine is a powerful astringent alkaloid extracted from ergot as a brown, amorphous, bitter substance. It produces hallucinating effect on humans.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice geography agriculture in india - iii : cash crops cash crops plantation of crops cash crops of india

Tobacco contains an intoxicating substance called ___________.

  1. Caffeine

  2. Tannin

  3. Nicotine

  4. Heroin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

These cancer-causing chemicals are referred to as carcinogens. Some of the chemicals found in tobacco smoke include:· Nicotine (the addictive drug that produces the effect people are looking for and one of the harshest chemicals in tobacco smoke) Hydrogen cyanide. Formaldehyde

Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

A drug which is effective in curing malaria is:

  1. aspirin.

  2. quinine.

  3. morphine.

  4. analgin.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • An antimicrobial tends to destroy/prevent development or inhibit the pathogenic action of microbes such as bacteria (antibacterial drugs), fungi (antifungal agents), virus (antiviral agents), or other parasites (antiparasitic drugs) selectively.
  • Malaria is a viral disease and caused by female anopheles mosquito. The drugs which are used to cure malaria are quinine,,Hydroxychloroquine Mefloquine etc.
Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

Which of the following can be used as an analgesic without causing addiction?

  1. Morphine

  2. Aspirin

  3. Heroin

  4. Codeine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Analgesics reduce or abolish pain without causing impairment of
consciousness, mental confusion, incoordination or paralysis or some
other disturbances of nervous system
Aspirin and paracetamol belong to the class of non-narcotic (non-addictive) analgesics. Aspirin inhibits the synthesis of chemicals known as prostaglandins which stimulate inflammation in the tissue and cause pain. These drugs are effective in relieving skeletal pain such as that due to arthritis. These drugs have many other effects such as reducing fever (antipyretic) and preventing platelet coagulation. Because of its anti blood clotting action, aspirin finds use in prevention of heart attacks.
Morphine,Heroin,Codeine belongs to narcotic(addictive) analgesics.
Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

Which statement about aspirin is not true?

  1. Aspirin belongs to narcotic analgesics.

  2. It is effective in relieving pain.

  3. It has antiblood clotting action.

  4. It is neurologically active drug.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Aspirin belong to the class of non-narcotic analgesics. Aspirin inhibits the synthesis of chemicals known as prostaglandins which stimulate inflammation in the tissue and cause pain. It is effective in relieving skeletal pain such as that due to arthritis. It has many other effects such as reducing fever (antipyretic) and preventing platelet coagulation. Because of its anti blood clotting action, aspirin finds use in prevention of heart attacks. Aspirin is a neurologically active drug.
Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

Among the following statements, which one is not correct?

  1. Aspirin is both an analgesic and an antipyretic.

  2. Ampicillin is a natural antibiotic.

  3. Sulphadiazine is a synthetic antibacterial.

  4. Some disinfectants can be used as antiseptics

    at low concentration.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Ampicillin is a beta-lactum antibiotic that is part of the amino penicillin family and is roughly equivalent to its successor, amoxicillin in terms of spectrum and level of activity. It is not a natural antibiotic.