Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Boniva is in the group of medicines called bisphosphonates. It alters the cycle of bone formation and breakdown in the body. Ibandronate slows down bone loss while increasing bone mass, which may prevent bone fractures.

Flunixin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), analgesic, and antipyretic used in horses. It is often formulated as the meglumine salt.

Formic acid is a colourless liquid having a highly pungent and penetrating odor . It is miscible with water and most polar organic solvents and is somewhat soluble in hydrocarbons.. It is an important intermediate in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally, most notably in the venom of bee and ant stings.

Halothane is an inhalational general anesthetic. Its IUPAC name is 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane. It is the only inhalational anesthetic agent containing a bromine atom.

Ipratropium bromide is an anticholinergic drug used for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute asthma. It blocks the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the smooth muscles of the bronchi in the lungs and opens the bronchi.

Hydrochlorothiazide is a first-line diuretic drug of the thiazide class that acts by inhibiting the kidneys' ability to retain water. This reduces the volume of the blood, decreasing blood return to the heart and thus cardiac output and by other mechanisms, is believed to lower peripheral vascular resistance.

Allegra (fexofenadine) is an antihistamine that reduces the effects of natural chemical histamine in the body. Histamine can produce symptoms of sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and runny nose.Allegra is used to treat the symptoms of seasonal allergies (hay fever) in adults and children.

Dibenzazepine (iminostilbene) is a chemical compound with two benzene rings fused to an azepine group. Dibenzazepine is used as an intermediate for the synthesis of specific analgesic and antipsychotic agents.

Azepane is a saturated heterocycle, containing one nitrogen atom in seven-membered ring. A well known azepane derivative is caprolactam.

Lasix is a loop diuretic (water pill) that prevents one's body from absorbing too much salt, allowing the salt to instead be passed in the urine.

Pindolol is a nonselective beta blocker with partial beta-adrenergic receptor agonist activity. It possesses ISA (Intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity). This means that pindolol, particularly in high doses, exerts effects like epinephrine or isoprenaline (increased pulse rate, increased blood pressure, bronchodilation), but these effects are limited.

Immunosuppressive drugs (cyclosporin) prevent T-cells from responding to signals correctly by inhibiting signal transduction pathways.

Chlorosulfuric acid is the inorganic compound with the formula HSO₃Cl. It is also known as chlorosulfonic acid. It is a distillable, colourless liquid .It is a hygroscopic and a powerful lachrymator.

This option is correct as ampicillin is the semi-synthetic modification of penicillin.

This is called narcotic analgesics drug and is used for relief of post operative pain, cardiac pain, pain in terminal cancer and child birth.