Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Formamide is an amide derived from formic acid. It is a clear liquid which is miscible with water and has an ammonia-like odour. It is used primarily for manufacturing sulfa drugs and synthesizing vitamins and as a softener for paper and fibre.

Tetracaine is a potent local anesthetic of the ester group. It is mainly used topically in ophthalmology and as an antipruritic, and it has been used in spinal anesthesia.

Cinchocaine is an amide local anesthetic. It is an active ingredient in some topical hemorrhoid creams such as Proctosedyl.

Diazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative drug. It is commonly used for treating anxiety, insomnia, seizures including status epilepticus, muscle spasms (such as in cases of tetanus), and Ménière's disease.

Regional anaesthesia is anaesthesia affecting only a large part of the body, such as a limb or the lower half of the body. Regional anaesthetic techniques can be divided into central and peripheral techniques.

Propofol is a short-acting, intravenously administered hypnotic agent. Its uses include the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, sedation for mechanically ventilated adults, and procedural sedation. Propofol is also commonly used in veterinary medicine.

Morphine is a potent opiate analgesic medication and is considered to be the prototypical opioid.

Heroin is a semi-synthetic opioid drug synthesized from morphine, a derivative of the opium poppy. It is the 3,6-diacetyl ester of morphine (di-acetyl-morphine) and a morphine prodrug.

Etomidate is a short acting intravenous anaesthetic agent used for the induction of general anaesthesia and for sedation for short procedures such as reduction of dislocated joints and cardioversion.

Rapacuronium is a rapidly acting, non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker formerly used in modern anaesthesia, to aid and enable endotracheal intubation, which is often necessary to assist in the controlled ventilation of unconscious patients during surgery and sometimes in intensive care.

Suxamethonium chloride is a paralytic drug used to induce muscle relaxation and short term paralysis, usually to facilitate tracheal intubation.

Mivacurium chloride is a short-duration non-depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking drug or skeletal muscle relaxant in the category of non-depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking drugs.

Metocurine is a muscle relaxant through neuromuscular blockade. It is excreted entirely through the kidneys and, therefore, should not be used in patients with renal failure.

Neostigmine is a parasympathomimetic that acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

Dithranol is a Hydroxyanthrone, anthracene derivative, medicine applied to the skin of people with psoriasis.