Organic Chemistry Fundamentals

Pentane is a 5-carbon alkane, and all alkanes follow the formula CnH2n+2. For n=5, this gives C5H12. The other options represent ethane, propane, and butane respectively.

EDTA is a hexadentate ligand that wraps around the metal ion. In [Co(edta)]-, EDTA occupies all six coordination sites in octahedral geometry. This arrangement creates a chiral center, giving two enantiomers (optical isomers).

Stereoisomerism has two main types: geometrical isomerism (cis/trans, fac/mer) and optical isomerism (enantiomers). All stereoisomers fall into these two categories based on how they differ spatially.

CO₃^2- (32 electrons) and NO₃^2- (32 electrons) are isoelectronic species. CO₂ (22 electrons) and N₃^- (22 electrons) are isoelectronic species. NO₂^- (24 electrons) and O₃ (24 electrons) are isoelectronic species.

This option is correct.

Valency of carbon in every compound is 4.

The unique capacity of carbon atoms to bond together to form long chains or rings, is called catenation.

Compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons.

Compounds with chains of carbon atoms are called aliphatic compounds.

 Example for closed chain compound is cyclo propane.

Hydrocarbons having double or triple bonds are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. 

CH₂ = CH₂ belongs to the alkene family.

The family of organic compounds which shows similar properties is called homologous series.

The compounds containing the same molecular formula, but different structural formula are called isomers.

Aromatic compounds are ring compounds with at least one cyclic ring.