Organic Chemistry Fundamentals

Benzothiazole is an organosulfur compound. It is colourless, slightly viscous liquid. A derivative of benzothiazole is the light-emitting component of luciferin, found in fireflies.

Tetracene has the appearance of a pale orange powder. Tetracene is the four-ringed member of the series of acenes.It is a molecular organic semiconductor, used in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).

Anthracene is a solid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of three fused benzene rings. It is a component of coal-tar. Anthracene is used in the production of the red dye alizarin and other dyes.

2-Bromo-1-chloropropane, C₃H₆BrCl, is an alkyl halide. This simple compound has a chiral centre and is used sometimes to determine the enantiomeric resolution of simple chromatographic methods.

Butene is an alkene with the formula C₄H₈. It is a colourless gas that is present in crude oil as a minor constituent in quantities that are too, small for viable extraction. It is ,therefore, obtained by catalytic cracking of long chain hydrocarbons left during refining of crude oil.

Adamantane is a colourless, crystalline chemical compound with a camphor-like odour. Adamantane molecules consist of three cyclohexane rings arranged in an armchair configuration. It is unique in that it is both rigid and virtually stress-free.

Azulene is an organic compound and an isomer of naphthalene. Whereas naphthalene is colourless, azulene is dark blue.

Arachno-borane has the structural formula- B_nH_n+6.

Triterpenes consist of six isoprene units and have the molecular formula C₃₀H₄₈. The linear triterpene squalene, the major constituent of shark liver oil, is derived from the reductive coupling of two molecules of farnesyl pyrophosphate.

Myrcene, or β-myrcene, is an olefinic natural organic compound. It is classified as a hydrocarbon, but more precisely as a monoterpene. Terpenes are dimers of isoprene and myrcene is one of the most important.

Hemiterpenes consist of a single isoprene unit. Isoprene itself is considered the only hemiterpene, but oxygen-containing derivatives such as prenol and isovaleric acid are hemiterpenoids.

Squalene is a hydrocarbon and a triterpene, and is a natural and vital part of the synthesis of cholesterol, steroid hormones and vitamin D in the human body. Squalene is used in cosmetics, and more recently as an immunologic adjuvant in vaccines.

Barbituric acid is an organic compound based on a pyrimidine heterocyclic skeleton. It is an odourless powder soluble in water. Barbituric acid is the parent compound of barbiturate drugs, although barbituric acid itself is not pharmacologically active.

Methylamine is an organic compound with formula CH₃NH₂. This colourless gas is a derivative of ammonia, but with one H atom replaced by a methyl group. It is the simplest primary amine.

Enantiomers are two stereoisomers that are related to each other by a reflection. They are mirror images of each other, which are non-superimposable. Human hands are a macroscopic example of stereoisomerism.