Organic Chemistry Fundamentals

This option is correct because the cetane number is used for the measuring of the knocking character of the fuels in diesel engines and ignites very readily, hence this measures the cetane number.

Benzothiazole is an organosulfur compound. It is colourless, slightly viscous liquid. A derivative of benzothiazole is the light-emitting component of luciferin, found in fireflies.

Anthracene is a solid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of three fused benzene rings. It is a component of coal-tar. Anthracene is used in the production of the red dye alizarin and other dyes.

2-Bromo-1-chloropropane, C₃H₆BrCl, is an alkyl halide. This simple compound has a chiral centre and is used sometimes to determine the enantiomeric resolution of simple chromatographic methods.

Butene is an alkene with the formula C₄H₈. It is a colourless gas that is present in crude oil as a minor constituent in quantities that are too, small for viable extraction. It is ,therefore, obtained by catalytic cracking of long chain hydrocarbons left during refining of crude oil.

Adamantane is a colourless, crystalline chemical compound with a camphor-like odour. Adamantane molecules consist of three cyclohexane rings arranged in an armchair configuration. It is unique in that it is both rigid and virtually stress-free.

Azulene is an organic compound and an isomer of naphthalene. Whereas naphthalene is colourless, azulene is dark blue.

Arachno-borane has the structural formula- B_nH_n+6.

Triterpenes consist of six isoprene units and have the molecular formula C₃₀H₄₈. The linear triterpene squalene, the major constituent of shark liver oil, is derived from the reductive coupling of two molecules of farnesyl pyrophosphate.

Myrcene, or β-myrcene, is an olefinic natural organic compound. It is classified as a hydrocarbon, but more precisely as a monoterpene. Terpenes are dimers of isoprene and myrcene is one of the most important.

Hemiterpenes consist of a single isoprene unit. Isoprene itself is considered the only hemiterpene, but oxygen-containing derivatives such as prenol and isovaleric acid are hemiterpenoids.

Squalene is a hydrocarbon and a triterpene, and is a natural and vital part of the synthesis of cholesterol, steroid hormones and vitamin D in the human body. Squalene is used in cosmetics, and more recently as an immunologic adjuvant in vaccines.

Enantiomers are two stereoisomers that are related to each other by a reflection. They are mirror images of each other, which are non-superimposable. Human hands are a macroscopic example of stereoisomerism.

Axial chirality is a special case of chirality in which a molecule does not possess a stereogenic centre (the most common form of chirality in organic compounds) but an axis of chirality - an axis about which a set of substituents is held in a spatial arrangement that is not superposable on its mirror image

Indene is a flammable polycyclic hydrocarbon. It is composed of a benzene ring fused with a cyclopentene ring. This aromatic liquid is colourless although samples often are pale yellow. The principal industrial use of indene is in the production of indene/coumarone thermoplastic resins.