Nutrition and Food Sources

Gram and pulses can be used for making sprouts.

(1) Statement (i) is correct. The diet of a pregnant lady should be rich in proteins, because (i) it helps in the growth of the baby's brain (ii) it aids in muscle growth and repair (iii) it produces antioxidants to keep the immune system healthy (2) Statement (ii) is incorrect. The Individuals who take balanced vegetarian diet may lack amino acids, not fats. Milk products like cheese, butter, curd, etc. contain large amount of fats.

Dietary fibre or roughage is the indigestible portion of food derived from plants, but it plays an important part in a healthy diet by adding bulk to the diet. It includes fruits and wheat grain. Rice contains a large amount of starch. Groundnut contains large amounts of fat. 

Statement (1) is correct. Eggs do not contain vitamin C. They are a rich source of protein. Statement (2) is also correct. Cholesterol hardens the arteries of heart and causes the risk of a heart attack. 

Dietary nutrients are substances that provide energy or are essential for growth, maintenance, and repair of body tissues. Proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates, and fats are all essential dietary nutrients. Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) are present in food but are not classified as dietary nutrients - they are broken down into their components (nucleotides, bases, sugars) during digestion rather than being absorbed as nutrients.

Dietary fiber is found exclusively in plant-derived foods. Cereals, popcorn, nuts, and green vegetables all contain varying amounts of fiber. Therefore, none of the listed options are devoid of fiber, making 'None of these' correct.

Fats are the primary energy storage molecule in the body, providing 9 calories per gram compared to 4 calories per gram from carbohydrates or proteins. Adipose tissue stores fat for long-term energy use.

Proteins are essential for cell repair and tissue building. They provide amino acids needed to synthesize new cellular structures, enzymes, and to heal damaged tissues. This is why protein intake is crucial for recovery from injury.

Proteins are fundamental for cell growth and division. They provide the amino acids necessary to synthesize new cellular structures and support tissue development, making them essential for growth in children and muscle development in adults.

Dietary fiber is the indigestible portion of food derived from plants and waste of animals that eat dietary fiber. Dietary fibers are of two types- (i) Soluble fiber dissolves in water. It is readily fermented in the colon into gases and physiologically active byproducts, and can be prebiotic and/or viscous. Soluble fibers tend to slow the movement of food through the system. Like- xylose, latulose etc. (ii) Insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water. It can be metabolically inert and provide bulking or prebiotic, metabolically fermenting in the large intestine. Bulking fibers absorb water as they move through the digestive system, easing defecation. Like- hemicelluloses, xanthan etc.

Roughage (dietary fibre) is provided by all plant products like fruits, pulses, vegetables, etc. It acts as food for animals, helps us in getting rid of the undigested food from the body and keeps our skin healthy. 

Wheat, rice, potato and sweet potato are sources of carbohydrates. But rice contains the highest level of starch and is the richest source of carbohydrates.

Food is required by our body for its growth and proper functioning. It also provides us energy. Oxygen is not made from food.