Nutrition and Food Sources

(1) Statement (i) is correct. The diet of a pregnant lady should be rich in proteins, because (i) it helps in the growth of the baby's brain (ii) it aids in muscle growth and repair (iii) it produces antioxidants to keep the immune system healthy (2) Statement (ii) is incorrect. The Individuals who take balanced vegetarian diet may lack amino acids, not fats. Milk products like cheese, butter, curd, etc. contain large amount of fats.

Dietary fibre or roughage is the indigestible portion of food derived from plants, but it plays an important part in a healthy diet by adding bulk to the diet. It includes fruits and wheat grain. Rice contains a large amount of starch. Groundnut contains large amounts of fat. 

Statement (1) is correct. Eggs do not contain vitamin C. They are a rich source of protein. Statement (2) is also correct. Cholesterol hardens the arteries of heart and causes the risk of a heart attack. 

Dietary fiber is the indigestible portion of food derived from plants and waste of animals that eat dietary fiber. Dietary fibers are of two types- (i) Soluble fiber dissolves in water. It is readily fermented in the colon into gases and physiologically active byproducts, and can be prebiotic and/or viscous. Soluble fibers tend to slow the movement of food through the system. Like- xylose, latulose etc. (ii) Insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water. It can be metabolically inert and provide bulking or prebiotic, metabolically fermenting in the large intestine. Bulking fibers absorb water as they move through the digestive system, easing defecation. Like- hemicelluloses, xanthan etc.

Roughage (dietary fibre) is provided by all plant products like fruits, pulses, vegetables, etc. It acts as food for animals, helps us in getting rid of the undigested food from the body and keeps our skin healthy. 

Wheat, rice, potato and sweet potato are sources of carbohydrates. But rice contains the highest level of starch and is the richest source of carbohydrates.

Food is required by our body for its growth and proper functioning. It also provides us energy. Oxygen is not made from food.

The diet, which contains all the nutrients in proper proportion, is called a balanced diet. 

To maintain the nutrient content of the body for optimal growth, one should eat a balanced diet. A balanced diet basically includes 5 major nutrients: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. Also, water and dietary fibres make a part of our diet, but water is not included in nutrients.

Fruits and vegetables are major source of vitamins and minerals. Washing and peeling more than required, results in the loss of these two nutrients from them. 

Lack of any nutrient in the body causes one or another disease in the body. Scurvy is the disease which is prevented by the intake of citrus fruits like oranges, lemons, etc.

Calcium is the major mineral found in milk. Vipul has fracture in his bone, so he need a lot of calcium to speed up his bone fracture healing time, as bones are made up of calcium.