Health and Neurological Disorders

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that primarily affects the brain, causing memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes. It is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal protein deposits in brain tissue, leading to the death of brain cells.

Amnesia is the medical term for loss of memory, which can be temporary or permanent. It may result from brain injury, psychological trauma, or medical conditions. It specifically affects memory, not appetite, sight, or other senses.

Bickerstaff's encephalitis is a rare inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system, first described by Edwin Bickerstaff. It may also affect the peripheral nervous system, and has features in common with both Miller Fisher syndrome and Guillain-Barré syndrome.

In medicine, mixed connective tissue disease is an autoimmune disease, in which the body's defence system attacks itself. It was characterized in 1972.

Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome (OMS) is a rare neurological disorder of unknown causes which appears to be the result of an autoimmune process involving the nervous system. It is an extremely rare condition, affecting as few as 1 in 10,000,000 people per year. It affects 2 to 3% of children with neuroblastoma.

The correct form is the present participle 'beginning' following the verb 'is' in a reduced relative clause structure. Huntington's disease typically begins showing symptoms in middle age. The full structure would be 'which is beginning' but the relative pronoun and auxiliary are omitted.

Guillain-Barré syndrome is manifested by ascending paralysis. It is also called Landry's ascending paralysis.

Otitis externa is an inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal. Swimming in polluted water is a common way to contract swimmer's ear, but it is also possible to contract swimmer's ear from water trapped in the ear canal after a shower, especially in a humid climate. Constriction of the ear canal from bone growth (Surfer's ear) can trap debris leading to infection.

Swelling and destruction of myelin sheath over the nerves occurs in CIDP. Symptoms of this disease include weakness, paralysis and/or impaired movement in arms and legs.

Hyperventilation is caused by over breathing (rapid, deep breathing), which reduces CO2 levels in the blood. Hypoxia is caused by insufficient oxygen, not excess breathing.

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that causes brain cells to die, leading to memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes. It is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for 60-80% of cases. The other options listed are different conditions: Bulimia (eating disorder), Anorexia (eating disorder), and Osteoporosis (bone disease).

Pica is a psychiatric eating disorder characterized by craving and consumption of non-food items like dirt, clay, or paper. Poliomyelitis is a viral disease, pyuria refers to pus in urine, and 'poliomylemia' appears to be a misspelling.

Correct answer. Neuromuscular disease is a very broad term that encompasses many diseases and ailments that impair the functioning of the muscles. Some examples of central or upper motor neuron disorders include cerebrovascular accident (stroke), Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. Spinal muscular atrophies are disorders of lower motor neuron.

Tourette's syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements and vocalizations called tics. It primarily affects the brain, specifically the basal ganglia and related circuits that control movement and behavior. It doesn't directly affect the liver, heart, or limbs as its primary pathology.