Health and Neurological Disorders

This is a relatively benign form of leukaemia in elderly people.

Swelling and destruction of myelin sheath over the nerves occurs in CIDP. Symptoms of this disease include weakness, paralysis and/or impaired movement in arms and legs.

Hyperventilation is caused by over breathing (rapid, deep breathing), which reduces CO2 levels in the blood. Hypoxia is caused by insufficient oxygen, not excess breathing.

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that causes brain cells to die, leading to memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes. It is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for 60-80% of cases. The other options listed are different conditions: Bulimia (eating disorder), Anorexia (eating disorder), and Osteoporosis (bone disease).

Pica is a psychiatric eating disorder characterized by craving and consumption of non-food items like dirt, clay, or paper. Poliomyelitis is a viral disease, pyuria refers to pus in urine, and 'poliomylemia' appears to be a misspelling.

Correct answer. Neuromuscular disease is a very broad term that encompasses many diseases and ailments that impair the functioning of the muscles. Some examples of central or upper motor neuron disorders include cerebrovascular accident (stroke), Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. Spinal muscular atrophies are disorders of lower motor neuron.

Tourette's syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements and vocalizations called tics. It primarily affects the brain, specifically the basal ganglia and related circuits that control movement and behavior. It doesn't directly affect the liver, heart, or limbs as its primary pathology.

This is a rare, progressive, fatal, demyelinating disease of the CNS that kills oligodendrocytes. It results in memory loss, loss of co-ordination, mentation problems, vision problems, etc. The disease is caused by certain members of the polyomavirus family, usually JC virus.

Alzheimer's disease primarily affects neurons (nerve cells) in the brain, leading to progressive memory loss and cognitive decline due to plaque and tangle formation. While brain cells are affected, 'nerve cells' is the more precise medical term for neurons.

Insomnia is the medical term for inability to sleep or sleeplessness. Dyspnoea refers to difficult breathing, trachoma is an eye infection, and dysuria means painful urination. The term comes from Latin 'in-' (not) and 'somnus' (sleep).

Subtle seizures are the most common type in neonates, often presenting as apnea, eye deviation, or oral-buccal-lingual movements that are easily missed. Clonic and tonic seizures do occur but are less frequent. Myoclonic jerks are more specific for metabolic or genetic disorders.

Alalia is the medical term for loss of speech ability due to physical defects in the vocal organs. The other options are not recognized medical terms for speech disorders.

Tryptophan

This option is correct. Pikachurin plays an important role in the precise interactions between photoreceptor neuronal synapse and the bipolar dendrons.