Health and Neurological Disorders

Newly born are hypotonic at birth and may have congenital anomalies, especially cardiac and gastrointestinal. Facial features include flat occiput, up-slanting palpebral fissures, furrowed tongue, short fingers and toes, and incurved fifth finger. 

Alzheimer disease is associated with memory loss and confusion, and may include language problems, poor judgment, agitation, and hallucinations. Brain atrophy is seen by MRI. There are no physical signs of the disease.

Dyslexia is a specific learning disability characterized by difficulty with reading and spelling despite normal intelligence. Myopia is nearsightedness (vision), amnesia is memory loss, and toxiphobia is fear of poisons.

The person who faces difficulty while reading is suffering from dyslexia. Aphasia is a language disorder. Apraxia is a disorder of motor planning. Dysarthria is a speech disorder. Dystonia is a neurological disorder, in which sustained muscle contractions cause twisting and repetitive movements. 

Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome is characterized by the lip swelling, fissured tongue and unilateral facial palsy.

Abnormally fissured tongue is the most common developmental disorder affecting the tongue.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. These neurons control voluntary muscle movement, making ALS a disorder of the nervous system. It does not primarily affect the cardiac, respiratory, or excretory systems.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system, specifically damaging the myelin sheath surrounding nerves. This causes muscle weakness, tingling sensations, and can progress to paralysis. It does not primarily affect the cardiac, excretory, or integumentary (misspelled as 'intugmentary') systems, though secondary complications may occur.

 Parkinson’s disease is caused by degeneration of brain neurons that are involved in movement control by making use of the neurotransmitter dopamine.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease meaning that the myelin sheath of neurons is damaged. Symptoms of MS include visual and sensation problems, muscle weakness, and depression.

It is the inability to move a group of muscles in one side of the body. When hemiplegia is caused by a stroke, it often involves muscles in the face, arms, and legs. In elderly individuals, strokes are the most common cause of hemiplegia.

Parkinsonism is a neurological syndrome characterised by tremor, hypokinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. The underlying causes of parkinsonism are numerous and diagnosis can be complex. While the neurodegenerative condition, parkinson's disease is the most common cause of parkinsonism, a wide range of other etiologies may lead to a similar set of symptoms including some toxins, a few metabolic diseases.

It is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder that affects muscle coordination and leads to cognitive autism decline and psychiatric problems. It is a disorder passed down through families in which nerve cells in certain parts of the brain waste away or degenerate.

This option is correct because Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome is a neurological disorder characterised by recurring facial paralysis, swelling of the face and lips (usually the upper lip), and the development of folds and furrows in the tongue.

ASD (Autistic Spectrum Disorders) is a disorder of development that affects language, social skills and behaviour. Children with ASD are unable to interpret the world and what is happening around them in the same way that other children do. There is a range of severity and intellectual ability, from the severely impaired child with classical autism, to a child with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism Children with Asperger syndrome may have a high level of intelligence but have difficulty with social interaction.