Modern Indian History

Telangana freedom fighter and communist party leader of Nalgonda district who transformed herself into a revolutionary, mobilizing people against Nizam’s Razakars is Mallu Swarajyam. She was an Indian politician from communist party of India. 

D. None of the above. 

The Swadeshi movement was launched in 1905 as a direct response to Lord Curzon's decision to partition the province of Bengal.

Permanent settlement of Bengal was introduced in 1793 by Lord Cornwallis. It was introduced in Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, parts of Northern Karnataka, Varanasi and some other areas. The Zamindars needed to pay a fixed amount of land revenue on a fixed date every year. This amount could not be increased later, however, if the Zamindar failed to pay the amount on fixed date, the Company could sell their land via public auction.

The congress was divided into two camps-Extremist and Moderates at the Surat session of 1907. The Moderates believed in the constitutional methods of protests like petitions, prayers, meetings,etc. Extremists, on the other hand, believed in agitation, strikes and boycotts to force their demands. This difference in ideologies was one of the main reasons that led to the split in the Congress.

The Swadeshi and boycott movement was an effort by Indian people to oppose British rule. It began in 1905 when British officials decided to separate the Bengal province. The decision to effect the partition of Bengal was announced in July 1905 by the Viceroy of India Lord Curzon. Indians responded by boycotting British products and using only Indian-made goods.

Swadeshi Movement was started in 1905 to oppose the British decision of partitioning of Bengal.  It involved boycotting British products and the revival of domestic products and production processes. The objective was to exert sufficient pressure on the Government to prevent the unjust partition of Bengal from being implemented. But still the government went on with the decision and announced the partition in July 1905.

Vandemataram Movement is also known as the Swadeshi Movement. It was an anti-Bengal partition movement. The Viceroy Lord Curzon divided Bengal province into two in 1905. Bengal people observed 16th October as a day of mourning when partition came into force. The song Vandemataram written by Bakim Chandra Chatterjee became the prayer song for meetings on anti-partition movement. Hence, option C is the correct answer.

The Partition of Bengal led to a mighty upsurge which brought people and political leaders together. The Indian National Congress and the nationalists of Bengal opposed the partition. Within Bengal, different sections of population- zamindars, merchants, lawyers, students and women rose up in opposition to the partition of their province.

The Early Nationalists and the Assertive Nationalists cooperated with one another during the course of Anti Partition movement. The leaders condemned partition through newspapers like Bengali, Hitabadi and Sanjibani.

The Anti-Partition Movement was initiated on August 7, 1905. On the day a massive demonstration against the Partition was organised in the Town Hall in Kolkata. from this meeting, the delegates dispersed to spread the movement to the rest of the province.

The Partition of Bengal led to a mighty upsurge which brought people and political leaders together. The Indian National Congress and the nationalists of Bengal opposed the partition. Within Bengal, different sections of population- zamindars, merchants, lawyers, students and women rose up in opposition to the partition of their province.

The Partition came into effect on October 16, 1905. The leaders of the protest movement declared it a day of national mourning throughout Bengal. It was observed as a day of fasting. There was hartal in Kolkata. People walked barefooted and bathed in the Ganga in the early morning hours.

The Early Nationalists and the Assertive Nationalists cooperated with one another during the course of Anti Partition movement.

The Anti-Partition agitation backfired the plans of Lord Curzon. It gave added strength to the National Movement. The methods adopted by the Early Nationalists lost their appeal and gave an opportunity to the Assertive Nationalists to lead the National Movement.