Modern Indian History

The Indian National Army was an armed force formed by Indian nationalists in 1942 in Southeast Asia during World War II.

Indian Army  was revived under the leadership of Subhas Chandra Bose after his arrival in Southeast Asia in 1943.

Home Guards is a voluntary force, first raised in India in December 1946, to assist the police in controlling civil disturbance and communal riots. Subsequently, the concept of the voluntary citizen's force was adopted by several States. The role of Home Guards is to serve as an auxiliary to the police in maintenance of internal security, help the community in any kind of emergency such as an air-raid, fire, cyclone, earthquake, epidemic etc., help in maintenance of essential services, promote communal harmony and assist the administration in protecting weaker sections, participate in socio-economic and welfare activities and perform Civil Defence duties.

Home Guards is a voluntary force, first raised in India in December 1946, to assist the police in controlling civil disturbance and communal riots. The role of Home Guards is to serve as an auxiliary to the police in maintenance of internal security, help the community in any kind of emergency such as an air-raid, fire, cyclone, earthquake, epidemic etc., help in maintenance of essential services, promote communal harmony and assist the administration in protecting weaker sections, participate in socio-economic and welfare activities and perform Civil Defence duties.

The Kuka Movement, also known as the Namdhari movement, was a religious and social reform movement among the Sikhs in Punjab.

Kesari is a Marathi newspaper founded by Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak in 1881. He was an Indian nationalist, teacher, social reformer, lawyer and an independence activist. The newspaper was not established as profit making venture but as a way to spread political education among the common people and played an important role in the national movement.

Home Rule League was formed by Indian militant nationalist Bal Gangadhar Tilak and British social reformer and Indian independence leader Annie Besant. It lasted for two years from 1916 to 1918. Tilak’s group, founded at Poona concentrated its efforts mostly in western India, and that of Besant, set up at Madras had more of an all-India scope. It was Indian response to the WWI in a less charged way than the Ghadr movement led by Indian nationals living abroad.

Home Rule League was formed by Indian militant nationalist Bal Gangadhar Tilak and British social reformer and Indian independence leader Annie Besant. It lasted for two years from 1916 to 1918. Some of its objectives were establishment of self- government, revival of political activity on their own while maintaining the principles of congress, to build up an agitation for home rule by promoting political education and discussion, etc.

The Home Rule Movement in India was spearheaded by Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak in 1916. They aimed to achieve self-government for India within the British Empire.

Annie Besant political reformer, women's rights activist, theosophist and Indian nationalist. She was the second President of The Theosophical Society from 1907 to 1933. The Theosophical Society was an organization formed in 1875 by Helena Blavatsky to advance Theosophy.

The All India Home Rule League was a national political organization founded in April 1916 to lead the national demand for self-government, termed Home Rule, and to obtain the status of a Dominion within the British Empire as enjoyed by Australia, Canada at the time.

Lucknow Pact refers to an agreement reached between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League at the joint session of both the parties, held in Lucknow, in the year 1916. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, then a member of the Congress as well as the League, made both the parties reach an agreement to pressure the British government to adopt a more liberal approach to India and give Indians more authority to run their country, besides safeguarding basic Muslim demands. Due to the reconciliation brought about by Jinnah between the Congress and the League, the Nightingale of India, Sarojini Naidu, gave him the title of “the Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity”.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak wrote about the deportation of Punjab in 1907 in his newspaper Kesari. The 1907 Punjab unrests were a period of unrest in the British Indian province of Punjab, principally around the Colonisation bill that was implemented in the province in 1906. Kesari is a Marathi newspaper founded by Lokmanya Tilak in 1881. The newspaper was not established as profit making venture but as a way to spread political education among the common people and played an important role in the national movement.

The August Declaration of 1917, also known as the Montagu Declaration, stated that the British government's policy was the increasing association of Indians in every branch of the administration and the gradual development of self-governing institutions.

Edwin Samuel Montagu served as Secretary of State for India between 1917 and 1922. On 20 August 1917, he made a historic declaration in the House of Commons defining the goal of British policies in India. In the previous month, he had made a scathing attack on the whole system by which India was being administered in a debate in British House of Commons. It is also known as The Montague Declaration.