Modern Indian History

Ambedkar was born in Mhow of the Central Province (present Madhyapradesh) on April 14th, 1891. Father was Ramaji Sakpal and mother was Bheemabai. His birth name was Bheemrao and completed his studies locally. He completed his education at Elphinstone High School in Bombay. He completed his higher education at London School of Economics and earned his P.hd from the Coloumbia University. He also got LLD and Bar at Law degrees. He cultivated an independent personality through his selfstudy. He belonged to an untouchable caste called Mahar. He launched many movements against untouchability. Among them Mahad Movement and Entering the Kalaram temple of Nasik are important. He created awareness and self identity among the Dalits.

The Socialist thoughts became popular during 1930s in and out of Congress party. By 1934, a Socialist Group had emerged in the Congress. The Socialists organized the farmers and workers to attain social justice in Indian society. Jayaprakash Naryan, Ram Manohar Lohia and Aruna Asf Ali and other Socialist leaders took part in Quit India movement and performed major roles in its success and emerged as popular leaders.

Dr. B.R Ambedkar was a reformist and freedom fighter who belong to an untouchable caste called Mahar. He undertook many movements against untouchability. Among them Mahad Movement and Entering the Kalaram temple of Nasik are important. He created awareness and self identity among the Dalits. He edited Mookanayak and Bahiskruth Bharat periodicals to voice the issues of Dalits. He also established Bahiskruth Hithakarani Sabha'

Dr. B.R Ambedkar was a reformist and freedom fighter who belong to an untouchable caste called Mahar. He undertook many movements against untouchability. Among them Mahad Movement and Entering the Kalaram temple of Nasik are important. He created awareness and self identity among the Dalits. He edited Mookanayak and Bahiskruth Bharat periodicals to voice the issues of Dalits. He also established Bahiskruth Hithakarani Sabha'. He took part in all the three Round Table Conferences held in London as a representative of the Dalit Class. Ambedkar and Gandhi arrived at an agreement and entered Poona Pact in 1932 that ended the conflict of the Communal Award according to which a separate electorate for the Dalits was to be created.

Poona Pact was an agreement between Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi signed on September 24, 1932, at Yerwada Central Jail in Pune, to break Mahatma Gandhi's fast unto death. Poona pact was the result of the communal award granted in 1932 by the British government. Mahatma Gandhi objected to the provision of separate electorates for the Scheduled Castes, which in his view separated them from the whole Hindu community. 

Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan was nicknamed the "Frontier Gandhi" in British India by his close associate Amir Chand Bombwal. He formed a formal alliance with INC and Gandhi and became a formidable force during the INC’s civil disobedience campaign of 1930-1931. In April 1930, Abdul Ghaffar Khan was arrested for organising the Civil Disobedience movement.

The Poona Pact was signed on September 24, 1932, not January 23, 1932. The other statements correctly identify the participants (Malaviya and Ambedkar), the location (Yerwada Jail), and the increase in reserved seats.

In the 1930s, the socialist wing within the Indian National Congress, known as the Congress Socialist Party, was led by figures like Jayaprakash Narayan, Acharya Narendra Deva, and others. Among the options provided, Subhas Chandra Bose was a prominent leftist leader who advocated for socialist policies within the INC.

On August 16, 1932, the British Prime Minister McDonald announced the Communal Award. It  declared the depressed classes to be minorities, and entitled them to separate electorates. Mahatma Gandhi objected to this provision which in his view separated them from the whole Hindu community. 

In the 1937 elections, the Indian National Congress emerged in power in eight of the provinces - the three exceptions being Bengal, Punjab, and Sindh. It formed MInistries in 8 out of the 11 provinces. IN Assam it had won 33 out of 108 seats and though it was the single largest party it was not in a position to form a Ministry. 

The Poona Pact provided for a common electorate for all Hindus, reserved seats for the depressed classes in provincial legislatures, and reserved seats in the Central Legislature. Thus, all the listed provisions are correct.

Both statements are historically accurate. The pact was signed on September 24, 1932, at Yerwada Jail between Ambedkar and Gandhi (represented by others like Malaviya) to resolve the issue of separate electorates.

Jawaharlal Nehru famously described the Government of India Act 1935 as a machine with strong brakes but no engine, reflecting his view that it provided no real power to Indians.

Ashfaqullah Khan was a revolutionary associated with the Kakori conspiracy in India and was not active in the London-based revolutionary movement. Shyamji Krishna Varma, Lala Hardayal, and V.D. Savarkar were all central figures in the Indian revolutionary activities in London.

Khudiram Bose was hanged on August 11, 1908. He was sentenced to death on the charge conducting a series of the bomb attack.