Medieval and Modern Indian History

The second Carnatic war was connected with the succession disputes between the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Nawab of Carnatic.

The First Carnatic War was concluded by the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748, which ended the War of the Austrian Succession in Europe and consequently the hostilities between the French and British in India.

The first Carnatic war came to an end by the treaty of Aix La Chappelle (1748) between the French and the British as a result the English got back Madras.

The First Anglo-Afghan War was fought between the British East India Company and Afghanistan from 1839 to 1842. It is famous for the loss of 4,500 British and Indian soldiers, plus 12,000 of their camp followers, to Afghan tribal fighters, but the British defeated the Afghans in the concluding engagement. It was one of the first major conflicts during the Great Game, the 19th century competition for power and influence in Central Asia between Britain and Russia.

The First Carnatic War (1746–1748) was the Indian theatre of the War of the Austrian Succession and the first of a series of Carnatic Wars that established early British dominance on the east coast of the Indian subcontinent.

The First Anglo–Mysore War (1767–1769) was a conflict in India between the Sultanate of Mysore and the East India Company. The war was instigated in part by the machinations of Asaf Jah II,the Nizam of Hyderabad, who sought to divert the company's resources from attempts to gain control of the Northern Circars.

The First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–1782) was the first of three Anglo-Maratha wars fought between the British East India Company and Maratha Empire in India. The war began with the Treaty of Surat and ended with the Treaty of Salbai.

Mysore was part of Vijayanagar Empire. After decline of the Vijanagar Empire Wodeyar dynasty established its rule. Haider Ali was a fauzdar in Mysor Army. Later he became defacto ruler and he initiated a policy of expansion of Mysore.

Fourth Anglo-Mysore War-1799

• Wellesely accused Tipu of conspiracy
• with the help of French against British &
• declared War in 1799
• British victory & death of tipu

Due to the differences between Duplex and La Bourfonnais, the later restored the Madras to the English but later Duplex recaptured Madras.

The Second Carnatic War was fought between Nasir Jung, the Nizam and his protege Muhammad Ali, supported by the English, and Chanda Sahib and Muzaffar Jung, supported by the French. The war ended with the Treaty of Pondicherry, signed in 1754, recognising Muhammad Ali Khan Walajah as the Nawab of the Carnatic. The result was that English influence prevailed in the Coromandal Coast and Carnatic.

Second Carnatic war took place between French and British without the permission of their mother countries. After the release of  Chanda Saheb  from Maratha captivity conflict started between Chanda Saheb and Anwar-ud-din for the Nawab ship of Carnatic.

The First Carnatic War (1744-48) was a continuation of the war of Austrian succession which broke out in Europe in 1740. Dupleix was the french Governor-General of Pondicherry during the war. In September 1746, the French captured the Madras almost without any opposition and the British were made prisoners of war. The war finally ended in 1748 with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.

Causes for the success of the British- 1. they were commercially superior and were supported by the Home Government.
2. they had a superior Naval power.
3. they had peace in England and so they could concentrate better, on the other hand French were too busy fighting in Europe.

The Carnatic Wars were fought between the British and the French East India Company in the 18th century between 1746 and 1763. Commercial and maritime rivalry between France and England was the primary reason behind these wars. The French company was pushed to a corner and was confined primarily to Pondicherry.

The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748 ended the Anglo-French struggle. Under this, the French returned Madras to the British in exchange for Cape Breton Island in North America.

The Jallianwala Bagh mass killings happened on 13th April, 1919. The massacre took place when General Dyer ordered British Indian Army troops to open fire on the unarmed civilians who had gathered in the park.

Before Ranjit Singh unified the region, Punjab was divided into various Sikh Misls, which were autonomous military brotherhoods that controlled different territories.

The Dal Khalsa was organized into 12 distinct Misals (military units) on the occasion of Baisakhi in 1748 at Amritsar to provide a unified front against invaders.