Medieval and Modern Indian History

Called the "Proclamation Durbar", the Durbar of 1877 was held beginning on 1 January 1877 to designate the coronation and proclain Queen Victoria as Empress of India. The 1877 durbar was largely an official event and not a popular occasions with mass appeal like 1903 and  1911. it was attended by the 1st Earl of Lytton-viceroy of India. Mharajas, nawabs and intellectuals. This was the culmination of transfer of control of much of India from the British East India company to the Crown.

Some of the famous Mughal buildings were built in this period like Taj Mahal, Redfort, Jama Masjid (Delhi) etc.

The influence of the rebel was confined to North India. Moreover, it was a revolt that saw unity among various sects of the Indian society.

James Mill divided Indian history into three periods based on religious lines: Hindu, Muslim, and British.

Chandragupta II is famously known for his military campaign against the Saka rulers of Western India, which earned him the title Sakari (destroyer of the Sakas).

C.  Plunder the wealth of India

Kharaj was a land tax imposed on the non-Muslims, Ushra was an agricultural tax imposed on Muslims, zakhat was a property tax on Muslim subjects,  whereas jizya was a religious tax on Hindus. 

Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji who was one of the salves of Muhammad Ghori attacked Bengal in 1202. In around 1202-04 he defeated Lakshmana Sena, the ruler of Sena dynasty of Bengal. Later Khalji became the viceroy of Bengal.

The battle of Haldighati was fought on June 18, 1576. This was the first battle of  Mansingh in which he became the commander. Haldighati was a narrow mountain pass between the hills of Gogunda and Khamnaur. Due to the yellow colour of the soil, this place is known as Haldighati. Mughal forces became victorious in this battle.

The Battle of Haldighati was a battle fought on 18 June 1576 between Rana of Mewar, Maharana Pratap, and the Mughal emperor Akbar's forces, led by Man Singh I of Amber.

Tanka was a silver coin. Tanka was equal to 48 Jitals. Shashgani was a silver coin which was equal to 6 Jitals. Jital was a copper coin.

The Delhi sultanate society was broadly divided into four major groups viz. nobles (Aristocrats), Priests, Townspeople, and Peasants.

The Delhi Sultanate was essentially a military state where the Sultan's authority was backed by the strength of the army. Power was concentrated in the hands of the Sultan and the military nobility, rather than through democratic or republican processes.

Following were the taxes during the Sultanate period:

• Kharaj is a tax imposed on agriculture. 
• Jaziya was taken from non-muslims. 
• Zakat is a religious obligation for all Muslims whereas Khums was a tax taken on plunder. 
  

St. George Fort, built in Madras in 1644 was the first fort buit by the British in India. It faced the sea and soon became the hub of merchant activity. It also helped to establish English influence over the Carnatic and to keep the kings of Arcot and Srirangapatna, as well as the French forces based at Pondichéry, at bay.