Medieval and Modern Indian History

Battle of Plassey in Bengal, on 23 June, 1757, was a crucial event in the history of India. It was the start of nearly two centuries of British rule in India. The British East India Company defeated Siraj-ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa and a small French force. 

The Battle of Plassey was won by the British primarily due to the betrayal of Mir Jafar, the Nawab's commander, who conspired with Robert Clive and withheld his forces during the battle.

Statements 1, 2, and 3 are historically accurate regarding the East India Company's administration after the Battle of Buxar and the acquisition of the Diwani in 1765. Statement 4 is generally considered an oversimplification or incorrect in the context of standard textbook curriculum, as Residents were primarily political agents.

Mir Qasim was the Nawab of Bengal from the year 1760 till 1764. The British East India Company made him the Nawab of Bengal by replacing Mir Jafar, the father-in-law of Mir Qasim, who was also installed by the British in reply to his treachery in the Battle of Plassey. Since Mir Jafar engaged himself with the Dutch East India Company to assert independence, the British finally defeated Mir Jafar and the Dutch forces at Chinsura and made Mir Qasim the new Nawab of Bengal. Mir Qasim gave Burdwan, Midnapore and Chittagong districts to the company.

The Battle of Plassey (Palasi) is an important landmark in the history of India. On 23 June 1757, the armies of Siraj-ud-Daulah and the English East India Company met at Murshidabad the then capital of undivided Bengal. British forces were led by Robert Clive and Mir Zafar, commander in chief of Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah's army. Mir Zafar betrayed the Nawab and remained inactive. As a consequence, Siraj-ud-Daulah lost the battle, was captured and later killed.

The events happened in the following order:

The battle of Buxar was fought between the forces of the British East India Company and the combined army of an alliance of Indian states including Bengal, Awadh, and the Mughal Empire in the year 1764. The war came to an end by the "Treaty of Allahabad" in 1765. It granted the East India Company Diwani rights, or the right to collect taxes on behalf of the Emperor from the eastern province of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.

Statements 1, 2, and 3 are historically accurate regarding the East India Company's administration after the Battle of Buxar and the acquisition of the Diwani in 1765. Statement 4 is often excluded in this specific curriculum context.

The battle of Buxar was a conflict at Buxar in northeastern India between the forces of the British East India Company and the combined army of an alliance of Indian states including Bengal, Awadh, and the Mughal Empire. It was a decisive battle confirmed British power over Bengal and Bihar and marked the end of the attempt to rule Bengal through a puppet nawab. 

The Treaty of Allahabad was signed in 1765 between the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, the Nawab of Awadh Shuja-ud-Daulah, and Robert Clive of the East India Company.

The immediate cause of the Battle of Plassey was the Nawab's attack on the British fort in Calcutta (Alinagar) following the British refusal to stop fortifying their positions.

C) Prithviraj Chauhan or Rai Pithora was defeated by Muhammad Ghori in second battle of Tarain in 1192. 
A)First Battle of Panipat was fought between Ibrahim Lodhi and Babur in 1526.
B) The battle between Siraj ud Daulah, the last independent Nawab of Bengal and the East India Company happened during the year 1757 and it was known as Battle of Plassey.
D) Battle of Buxar, 1764, was a battle between the British East India Company and combined army of Mir Qasim, Nawab of Bengal, Nawab of Awadh and a Mughal King.

The INA inspired uprising in the armed forces of the country. The Indian Naval rating in Mumbai rose in revolt in February 1946, similar uprising took place at Kolkata, Chennai and Karachi. These naval revolts shook the foundation of the British Empire.

The empire of Sher Shah was divided into Sarkars.  The first five year of Sher Shah's administration were used in setting up a new template for civil administration in India. He divided the entire kingdom in 47 divisions and called them " Sarkars". These Sarkars were divided into Parganas. Every Pargana was under a Shikqdar , who looked into the law and order of his Pargana.

Kalinjar fort was the last expedition of Shershah. Sher Shah Suri marched against the kalinjar fort and captured it. soon after the capture , Sher Shah Suri died on 22nd May 1545. The fort of Kalinjar is in the Buldelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh.Immediatley after the conclusion of the successful campaign in Rajasthan, Sher Shah marched on Kalinjar.