Tag: foundation of mughal empire

Diwan - i -Wizarat was in charge of income and expenditure. Diwan - i - Wizarat , the most important officer after Sultan in the hierarchy of the administrative system of the Delhi Sultanate , was headed by Wazir. He look after the financial organization of the State , give advice to the Sultan and on some occasions to lead military expeditions at the behest of the Sultan.

The coins of Sher Shah Suri bore his name in Devanagari script. Sher Shah Suri issued coins in silver and copper and eliminated the billon from the series of Indian coins. In the Silver coins of Sher Shah, there was the trace of 'Kalima' and the name of four khalifas on obverse side of the coin. On the obverse side of the coin contained his name and a pious wish: " Khald Allah mulk".

Sher Shah Suri followed the main principles of Alauddin Khilji's military system. He created no new ministry and his administrative divisions and sub- divisions were borrowed from the past , and also the titles of his officer. His military reforms were those of Alauddin Khilji and even his revenue administration was not really new and original.

Sher Shah was the architect of a brilliant administrative system. He was a person of extra ordinary skill and ability in civil administration also. His father Hasan Shah was a Jagirdar of Sasaram. Sher Shah was born in 1472 AD and completed his formal education at Jaunpur. Because of his career as a small jagirdar, he ascended the throne of Delhi in 1540 AD after driving away Humayun , the Mughal emperor.

Sher Shah Suri built the Purana Qila at Delhi. Purana Qila is a fort situated on the Delhi Mathura Road. It was constructed on the historical site of Indraprastha by Sher Shah Suri. Sher Shah strengthened the citadel of Dinpanah and renamed it as Shergarh. The wall of Purana Qila are some 0.33 meters in thickness and are terminated at each corner by massive bastions.

Diwan - i - Ariz was in charge of recruitments , organization of army. Headed by Arz - i- Mumalik who was in charge of the administration of military affairs that included maintaining royal contingent recruiting the soldiers , ensuring the discipline and fitness of the army, inspecting the troops maintained by Iqta- holders , examining the horses and branding them with the royal insignia.

Sher Shah has been called the Fore - runner of Akbar. Sher Shah was the great Emperor of the Medieval Era. His wroks and successes of Sher Shah were so great that these became ideal for the forthcoming Rulers. Akbar adopted many works / reforms of the Sher Shah as it is or by some modifications. Therefore Sher Shah can be called as the fore runner of Akbar.

The period of rule of Sher Shah was 1540 - 1545. He fought many battles with him , intially capturing Gaur in Bengal and finally getting the throne of Delhi after the battle of Kannauj in 1540 and he died at in an accidental explosion of gunpowder in 1545.

The Battle of Chausa took place in between Mughal Emperor Humayun and Sher Shah Suri on June 26, 1539. Humayun was defeated in Chausa battle by Sher Shah Suri. 

The empire of Sher Shah was divided into Sarkars.  The first five year of Sher Shah's administration were used in setting up a new template for civil administration in India. He divided the entire kingdom in 47 divisions and called them " Sarkars". These Sarkars were divided into Parganas. Every Pargana was under a Shikqdar , who looked into the law and order of his Pargana.