Medieval and Islamic History

Changez Khan reached the Indus river in 1221 during the reign of Iltutmish, who wisely refused to provide asylum to the Khwarizm prince Jalaluddin, thereby avoiding a Mongol invasion.

The Taj Mahal was commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan to house the tomb of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal.

While Jinnah joined later, the All-India Muslim League was founded in 1906 by figures including Nawab Salimullah, and Muhammad Iqbal is often credited with the ideological foundation.

Din-i-Ilahi was a syncretic religion or spiritual leadership program propounded by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in 1582.

Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526, marking the beginning of the Mughal Empire in India.

Ain-i-Akbari is a detailed document recording the administration of the Mughal Empire under Akbar, written by his court historian Abul Fazl.

Muhammad bin Qasim led the first successful Islamic military expedition into the Indian subcontinent in 712 AD. While other figures like Mahmud Ghaznavi and Muhammad Ghori were later invaders, Qasim is historically recognized as the first.

Mahmud of Ghazni conducted numerous raids into India, the most famous being the 1025 AD attack on the Somnath temple in Gujarat. This event is a well-documented part of medieval Indian history.

The sentence implies that Akbar was one of the greatest kings. Neither he is the only great king nor the adjective 'great' begins with a vowel. Thus, option 1.

Sher Shah Suri introduced the silver coin known as the Rupiya, which became the precursor to the modern Indian Rupee.

Goswami Tulsidas, the author of Ramcharitmanas, was a contemporary of the Mughal Emperor Akbar.

Empress Nur Jahan, the wife of Jahangir, is credited with discovering the technique of extracting rose oil, known as Itr-i-Jahangiri.

Mir Baqi was a commander under the Mughal Emperor Babur and is historically credited with the construction of the Babri Masjid in Ayodhya in the 16th century.