Medieval and Islamic History

Abul Fazl, the court historian and close friend of Akbar, was assassinated by Bir Singh Bundela at the behest of Prince Salim (the future Jahangir) due to political tensions.

Abul Fazl wrote the 'Akbarnama', which provides a detailed and official account of Akbar's reign, administration, and policies. It is divided into three volumes, the third being the Ain-i-Akbari.

Aurangzeb discontinued the practice of appointing an official court historian to record the events of his reign, viewing it as a waste of resources and contrary to his austere nature.

Khafi Khan, a Mughal historian, referred to Bahadur Shah I as 'Shah-i-Bekhabar' (the heedless king) due to his lack of administrative control.

Jahandar Shah, who ruled briefly in 1712-1713, is credited with abolishing the Jaziya tax.

The royal firman of 1717, often called the Magna Carta of the East India Company, was granted by the Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar.

Ghulam Qadir, a Rohilla chief, captured Delhi in 1788 and blinded the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. This event is a well-documented tragedy in the late Mughal period.

Ali Gauhar, who ascended the throne as Shah Alam II, signed the Treaty of Allahabad in 1765 with the East India Company following the Battle of Buxar.

The independent state of Hyderabad was founded in 1724 by Nizam-ul-Mulk, also known as Chin Quilich Khan, after his victory at the Battle of Shakar Kheda.

Alamgir II was the reigning Mughal emperor during the time of the Battle of Plassey (1757) and the rule of Siraj-ud-daula in Bengal.

Akbar II granted the title of 'Raja' to Ram Mohan Roy and sent him to the British court in London to advocate for an increase in the royal pension.

The British forces under General Lake captured Delhi in 1803 during the Second Anglo-Maratha War, while Shah Alam II was the titular Mughal Emperor.

Rafi-ud-Daula ascended the throne as Shah Jahan II in 1719 under the influence of the Sayyid Brothers, following the death of his brother Rafi-ud-Darajat.

Zulfiqar Khan, a prominent noble under Jahandar Shah, introduced and encouraged the practice of Ijara (revenue farming), which severely exploited the peasantry.

Khan-i-Dauran, the Mir Bakshi of the Mughal Empire, was killed in action during the Battle of Karnal against Nadir Shah in 1739.