Commerce Accountancy

Management and Organizational Behavior

2,437 Questions

Management and organizational behavior explore how individuals and groups interact within an organization. This hub covers motivation theories, leadership styles, and delegation. These topics are essential for commerce students and competitive exam aspirants.

Work motivation theoriesLeadership stylesDelegation of authorityOrganizational structure typesPerformance appraisal aimsGroup dynamics and social loafing

Management and Organizational Behavior Questions

Multiple choice

Employee morale relates to

  1. productivity

  2. attitude

  3. empathy

  4. skills
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Employee morale directly impacts productivity - when morale is high, employees are more motivated, engaged, and productive. While morale relates to attitude, the question's focus on productivity highlights the practical outcome. High morale leads to better performance, lower turnover, and improved organizational results.

Multiple choice

Workers' participation in management in any organisation is

  1. voluntary

  2. institutional

  3. democratic

  4. all of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Workers' participation in management can take multiple forms: voluntary (where workers willingly participate), institutional (through formal structures like works councils), and democratic (involving shared decision-making). The 'all of the above' option correctly captures that participation manifests in all these ways across different organizations.

Multiple choice

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

Having the right talent throughout the organization is a critical source of competitive advantage. The leading organizations therefore conduct assessments of their talent; they differentiate in their high performers and low performers. They reward high performers with job opportunities that excite and challenge them. This may seem simple and easy initially; in practice it requires a fundamental shift in thinking. In the process of scalability of talent, organizations recognize that poor performers are identified since they are the ones who do not fail in their own jobs, but bring down everyone else around them.

What is the underlying idea of the passage?

  1. To show that appraising the performance of employees is not an easy exercise

  2. To dwell on the desirability of having right talent for competitive advantage

  3. To demonstrate the ill-effects of having poor performers in an organization

  4. To examine the process of scalability of talent employed by an organization

  5. To delineate on how to differentiate between high performers and low performers
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The underlying idea has also to be the central idea, the main focal point of a passage. Right talent gives an organization the competitive edge it needs to survive.

Multiple choice

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

It is a competitive world today with high attrition rates. To retain talent, there is need to offer something extra than what others offer to poach on employees of other organizations. This something extra has to be innovative non-monetary incentive or benefit which is priceless in its value. The effective talent management is essential to ensure that each organization has the right mix of people at present as also in the future and has leaders who can drive success in the organization`s unique context and culture. It is this need that has swung into action many organizations into talent scouting.

What is the underlying idea of the passage?

  1. To retain talent irrespective of the cost

  2. To ensure right mix of people at all times

  3. To poach on employees of other organizations

  4. To ruminate on ways of creating success stories

  5. To have leaders who can deliver in all situations
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In a competitive world with high rate of attrition, it is very important to have the right mix of people at all times for a company to survive.

Multiple choice

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

A calm, rational, socially sensitive approach was required to deal with most work related problems. To make good decisions people needed a peaceful mind. Heightened pressure increased their agitation, excitability and fight and flight response, which was hardly required to handle corporate situations calling for cool, calculated, well thought-out decisions. Adrenaline, which heightened their fight or flight response made them aggressive. The workplace was based on human inter-relation and team work which were quickly shattered by an aggressive approach. In situations where each person felt threatened and remained concerned about his own survival he was less likely to think of what his behaviour was doing to others.

What is the underlying idea of the passage?

  1. To show that good decisions can be made in any atmosphere

  2. To show that aggression was necessary to infuse competition

  3. To demonstrate that employees gave their best only when pressed hard

  4. To encourage human inter-relationship and team work in an organization for better results and to shun aggressive approach

  5. To show that it did not pay to be very innovative in HR matters
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The emphasis is on improving human inter-relationship that will ensure a peaceful industrial atmosphere so vital for improved work culture.

Multiple choice

Directions: Select the best revision for the underlined part in the given sentence.

Growth of an employee depends upon various factors; discipline and experience, enhance the performance of employee, as do punctuality and knowledge.

  1. upon various factors; discipline and experience, enhance the performance of employee, as do punctuality and knowledge

  2. on various factors, discipline and experience, enhances the performance of any employee, so does punctuality and knowledge

  3. upon various factors, discipline and experience, just like punctuality and knowledge enhances the performance of any employee, just like punctuality and knowledge

  4. upon various factors; discipline and experience enhance the performance of any employee, and as do punctuality and knowledge
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The sentence begins with “Growth of an employee”; the subsequent reference to the subject also should be 'an' or 'any' employee.

Multiple choice

Directions: Select the best revision for the underlined part in the given sentence.

Recent studies indicate that if employees find common ground with and bond with other employees, they experience lesser settling in problems and develop quicker than do employees that stay relatively aloof.

  1. bond with other employees, they experience lesser settling in problems and develop quicker than do

  2. bond with other employees, they will experience lesser settling in problems and develop than do

  3. bonded with other children, they experienced fewer settling in problems and develop quicker than will

  4. bond with other employees, they experience fewer settling in problems and develop quicker than do

  5. bonded with other employees, they have experienced fewer settling in problems and have developed more quickly than do
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Corrects the error of determiner. Problems (a number) are fewer, not lesser.

Multiple choice
Directions: In the following question, four statements are provided. These statements form a coherent paragraph when properly arranged. Select the alternative representing the proper and logical sequencing of these statements.
A. From a functional view-point such 'explanation consists essentially of pointing out how the different types of activity fit on top of one another, and are consistent with one another, and how conflicts are contained and prevented from changing the structure'.
B. A structural analysis of change consists of demonstrating the qualitative nature of new adaptations in the patterned relationships, as when a joint family breaks and becomes nuclear, a caste group is transformed into a class group or when traditional charismatic leadership is replaced by leaders of popular choice, etc.
C. The stability of social structure is contingent on culture.
D. Yet, as abstraction, structure forms a higher level than culture.

  1. BDCA

  2. ABCD

  3. CDBA

  4. ACDB
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

C begins the sequence as it expresses the thought of this para jumble. 'Yet' in D proposes a contrary view to C, hence, we have CD link. 'Such' in A refers to sentence B, as A gives a functional view point to B, therefore, A follows B. Hence, (3) is the answer.

Multiple choice

Directions: Read the paragraph and answer the question that follows.

Do you have difficulty keeping resolutions? Do you ever feel overwhelmed by a goal? Many people have unrealistic expectations of what they can accomplish within a period of time. The problem is that they usually have taken on too many responsibilities at once. Does this ever happen to you? You find yourself rushing around each day in order to get projects done.

In order to achieve success with your goals you need to narrow your scope of how many projects you can take on at a time. This requires prioritizing. In order to prioritize you must first get clear on what it is you truly want to achieve. When you pursue a goal you make a decision to put a certain amount of time, energy and effort into an endeavor. If that goal is not in line with what you truly want, you may find your inner self unconsciously sabotaging your efforts in some way.

What is the theme of the passage?

  1. The prevarication in our personal lives is a hindrance in achieving our goals.

  2. The divine energy and creativity gives us motivation to achieve our goals.

  3. We set our goals too high than what we can achieve.

  4. Working on right decisions and goals give us energy and a sense of aliveness, which in turn, gives us motivation to take action.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Let's scrutinize each option.  (1)        Prevarication means deception, dishonesty. Goals cannot only be from our professional lives, we can set them in our personal lives also. Therefore, our not being honest with our personal lives cannot create a hindrance for achieving success in our goals. As this statement does not make any sense, therefore, it can be ruled out.   (2)        We always get motivation from the divine energy but it does not answer our problem - 'why cannot we accomplish the goals that we have set', cited in the passage. As this does not sum up the theme of the passage, hence, it is ruled out.  (3)        Goal might be an object or end that one is striving to attain. Setting them too high does not create the hindrance in accomplishing our goals, infact this can serve as an analysis of our capabilities. Hence, this option can also be ruled out. (4)        The last sentence of the passage gives the clue for the theme of the passage. When we are doing something that we feel is not right, we can feel confused, resentful and unmotivated. But when we work on something that is right for us, it gives us energy and the motivation. Therefore, (4) is the answer. 

Multiple choice

Directions: Read the following information carefully and answer the question given below.The greater the number of autonomous departments in a company, the more essential is a high level of teamwork among them. This is because increased number of autonomous departments demands a large number of mangers who deal with department specific matters, which leads to a greater burden on directors who are assigned the duty to make a universal policy which serves all the individual departments as well as company goals.

There are always greater numbers of autonomous departments in Indian companies than there are in multi national organizations.

Which of the following statements must be true if all of the statements above are true?

  1. Difficulties in setting general policy occur more often in multi national companies than they do in Indian companies.

  2. There are more specialized directors in multi national corporations than there are in Indian companies.

  3. A high level of cooperation is more essential in Indian companies than it is in multi national companies.

  4. A manager's job is easier in an Indian company than it is in multi national company.

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

This is an inference question, so you're looking for the one statement that you know is true. We know from the passage that Indian companies have more autonomous departments, and so require a higher level at cooperation.

Multiple choice

_____________ organisation refers to an organisation where relationship between people is based not on procedures, but on personal attitudes, prejudices and also on the likes and dislikes of people.

  1. Informal

  2. Formal

  3. Normal

  4. Mutual
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Informal organisation refers to an organisation where relationship between people is not based on procedures, but on personal attitudes, prejudices, likes and dislikes. There always exists an informal organisation in a formal organisation and every management has to recognise this fact.

Multiple choice

Line type of structure is the _______ pattern of organisation

  1. modern

  2. oldest

  3. most expensive

  4. flexible
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Line type of structure is the oldest pattern of organisation. In this form of organisation, a supervisor exercises direct supervision over a subordinate. Under the organisation, authority flows from the person at the top to the person at the lowest ring of the organisation.

Multiple choice

Delegation is a process and _________ is the situation produced by a larger delegation of authority down the levels of an organisation.

  1. centralisation

  2. accountability

  3. decentralisation

  4. responsibility
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Decentralisation should not be confused with delegation of authority. Decentralisation is basically concerned with attitude and philosophy of the organisation and management. It is not merely a process involving the handing over a part of the authority to the subordinates. Delegation is a process and decentralisation is the situation produced by a larger delegation of authority down the levels of an organisation.

Multiple choice

__________ coordination refers to that coordination in which a superior authority coordinates his/her work with that of his/her subordinates and vice versa.

  1. Internal

  2. Vertical

  3. Horizontal

  4. External
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In vertical coordination, a superior authority coordinates his/her work with that of his/her subordinates and vice versa. Sales manager coordinates his/her work with the activities of the sales supervisor. Similarly, the sales supervisor is required to have coordination and a cordial relationship with his/her superiors.