Commerce Accountancy

Management and Organizational Behavior

2,437 Questions

Management and organizational behavior explore how individuals and groups interact within an organization. This hub covers motivation theories, leadership styles, and delegation. These topics are essential for commerce students and competitive exam aspirants.

Work motivation theoriesLeadership stylesDelegation of authorityOrganizational structure typesPerformance appraisal aimsGroup dynamics and social loafing

Management and Organizational Behavior Questions

Multiple choice

Consider the following statements:1. Coordination and cooperation are synonyms

  1. Coordination is of the work of subordinates by a superior officer
  2. Cooperation is inter-personal relationship between two or more similar individuals or units
  3. Coordination and cooperation are not the same thing Which of these statements are correct?

  1. 1 and 2

  2. 2 and 4

  3. 1 and 3

  4. 2, 3 and 4
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Coordination is the process of synchronizing activities, while cooperation is the voluntary willingness to work together. They are distinct concepts; coordination is often imposed by management, whereas cooperation is an interpersonal attitude.

Multiple choice

On which of the following factors 'Span of Control' does not depend?

  1. Calibre of superior

  2. Salary of subordinate

  3. Nature of work

  4. Age of the organisation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Span of control is influenced by the complexity of tasks, the competence of the supervisor, and the organizational structure. The salary of a subordinate is not a structural or functional factor affecting the span of control.

Multiple choice

Which does not constitute one of the functions of coordination?

  1. Resolution of conflicts

  2. Preventing duplication of work

  3. Recruiting qualified staff

  4. Preventing wastage of resources
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Coordination is the process of linking different departments and activities to ensure harmony. Recruiting staff is a function of staffing, not coordination.

Multiple choice

Which one of the following is not the technique of coordination?

  1. Planning

  2. Supervision

  3. Communication

  4. Promotion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Planning, supervision, and communication are essential tools used to achieve coordination. Promotion is an HR or career development activity, not a technique for coordinating organizational work.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not related to supervision?

  1. Centralisation

  2. Direction

  3. Delegation

  4. Budget
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Supervision involves direction, delegation, and oversight of work. A budget is a financial planning tool, not a direct component of the supervisory process.

Multiple choice

Which one of the following is not an indicator of coordination?

  1. Collective action of one person with others

  2. Cooperation and team-work among the employees

  3. Inter-relating various parts of the work

  4. Integration of several parts into an orderly whole
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

 The synchronization and integration of activities, responsibilities, and command and control structures is called coordination. It is the process of organizing people or groups so that they work together properly and well. So option 1 is not the indicator of coordination.

Multiple choice

Consider the following situations:1. Staff and line functions are separated

  1. Authority is delegated
  2. Units are interdependent
  3. Work is divided among specialists Under which of these situations does co-ordination becomes necessary?

  1. 1 and 2

  2. 2 and 3

  3. 3 and 4

  4. 1 and 4
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Coordination is required when work is divided among specialists and when units are interdependent, as these conditions create the need to integrate efforts to achieve common goals.

Multiple choice

Motivation means

  1. inspiring employees to perform better

  2. better communication skills

  3. sales coaching

  4. market research

  5. none of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Motivation in a professional context refers to the processes that inspire, encourage, and drive employees to perform their tasks more effectively and achieve organizational goals.

Multiple choice

How did the manager find out what her junior’s felt about her actions?

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

Among the many requirements placed on those who take responsibility for the performance of others, there is one that is rarely mentioned. Yet, ironically, it may be the most important because so much else depends on it. That fundamental requirement is courage.

We don’t just mean the courage to make hard decisions or take tough actions, such as giving difficult feedback, denying a promotion to someone who’s good but not good enough, cutting popular but unsuccessful programs, or even laying off people when the economy goes bad.
We mean all that, those and similar actions do require courage, but we also mean something even harder: the need to see ourselves as others see us, even when others’ perceptions doesn’t match our own. Risking the possibility of finding out that others don’t consider us the capable, well-intentioned bosses we think we are, requires enormous courage.
We know a highly competent and caring manager whose people had to spend several late nights completing an important project. Though the work didn’t require her presence, she stayed late, too, as a way of sharing their burden and showing her support and appreciation. Weeks later, only after she thought to ask, she learned that those who stayed late resented what she did. Rather than seeing her presence as a sign of her support for them, they took it to mean she didn’t trust them to complete the work on time. Her presence thus weakened the bonds among them all and achieved the opposite of her intentions. She found this out only because she happened to ask casually.

 

  1. She had casually asked and thus she came to know about it.

  2. She did a formal questioning of the staff to ask.

  3. She was aware as to what her juniors felt about her.

  4. Someone told her about the office grapevine, that was buzzing about her actions.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Clearly mentioned in the last sentence of the passage.

Multiple choice

What was the manager trying to do in the example illustrated in the passage?

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

Among the many requirements placed on those who take responsibility for the performance of others, there is one that is rarely mentioned. Yet, ironically, it may be the most important because so much else depends on it. That fundamental requirement is courage.

We don’t just mean the courage to make hard decisions or take tough actions, such as giving difficult feedback, denying a promotion to someone who’s good but not good enough, cutting popular but unsuccessful programs, or even laying off people when the economy goes bad.
We mean all that, those and similar actions do require courage, but we also mean something even harder: the need to see ourselves as others see us, even when others’ perceptions doesn’t match our own. Risking the possibility of finding out that others don’t consider us the capable, well-intentioned bosses we think we are, requires enormous courage.
We know a highly competent and caring manager whose people had to spend several late nights completing an important project. Though the work didn’t require her presence, she stayed late, too, as a way of sharing their burden and showing her support and appreciation. Weeks later, only after she thought to ask, she learned that those who stayed late resented what she did. Rather than seeing her presence as a sign of her support for them, they took it to mean she didn’t trust them to complete the work on time. Her presence thus weakened the bonds among them all and achieved the opposite of her intentions. She found this out only because she happened to ask casually.

 

  1. She was trying to keep a watch on the staff.

  2. She was trying to finish their pending work.

  3. She was trying to show her support by staying there with them.

  4. She did not trust them, hence was always there.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

From the manager’s view, she was being supportive by staying with her staff.

Multiple choice

What is ‘courage’ according to the author?

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

Among the many requirements placed on those who take responsibility for the performance of others, there is one that is rarely mentioned. Yet, ironically, it may be the most important because so much else depends on it. That fundamental requirement is courage.

We don’t just mean the courage to make hard decisions or take tough actions, such as giving difficult feedback, denying a promotion to someone who’s good but not good enough, cutting popular but unsuccessful programs, or even laying off people when the economy goes bad.
We mean all that, those and similar actions do require courage, but we also mean something even harder: the need to see ourselves as others see us, even when others’ perceptions doesn’t match our own. Risking the possibility of finding out that others don’t consider us the capable, well-intentioned bosses we think we are, requires enormous courage.
We know a highly competent and caring manager whose people had to spend several late nights completing an important project. Though the work didn’t require her presence, she stayed late, too, as a way of sharing their burden and showing her support and appreciation. Weeks later, only after she thought to ask, she learned that those who stayed late resented what she did. Rather than seeing her presence as a sign of her support for them, they took it to mean she didn’t trust them to complete the work on time. Her presence thus weakened the bonds among them all and achieved the opposite of her intentions. She found this out only because she happened to ask casually.

 

  1. To view ourselves from other’s viewpoint

  2. To take hard/tough decisions

  3. To cut popular but unsuccessful programs

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

All the points are clearly mentioned in the passage.

Multiple choice

What does the author’s company do?

Directions: Read the passage and answer the following question.

Self control is the ability to say no, in the face of temptation, and to take sustained action, despite the difficulty of a given challenge. At its heart, self-control requires the ability to delay gratification. More commonly, it’s called discipline, or will. Without self-control, we can’t accomplish almost anything of enduring value. And we rarely pay much attention to it.
Over the past decade, I’ve built a company, The Energy Project, which is devoted to helping people and organisations improve sustainable performance, in a large part by more systematically exercising self-control. Over the years, we’ve learned that nearly everything people tend to believe about self-control is wrong. Most of us assume the only way to resist our impulses, or persevere under pressure, is to grit our teeth, furrow our brows, steel our nerves, and tough it out. Precisely the opposite is true.
Energy is the fuel for self-control. We each have one reservoir of energy to get things done. Each act that requires self-control progressively depletes this energy reservoir, whether it’s when you use it to resist a piece of cake, or focus single-mindedly on a difficult problem, or stay calm when you feel provoked.
Eating strategically is the most fundamental way to increase the energy we have available for self-control. Eating more frequently — five to six times a day — provides us with regular doses of glucose, which is the body’s primary source of energy. It serves us best to eat low-glycemic foods, such as lean proteins and complex carbohydrates, which provide a more sustaining source of energy than sugars and simple carbohydrate.

  1. Helps people succeed in life

  2. Provides motivation to people

  3. See that people attain good habits

  4. Teach them how to systematically exercise self control
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

I’ve built a company, The Energy Project, which is devoted to helping people and organisations improve sustainable performance, in large part by more systematically exercising self-control.