Biology · Science General

Diversity in Living Organisms

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The diversity in living organisms deals with the classification of life forms into various kingdoms and phyla. This topic covers specific traits of bacteria, animal body cavities, and structural adaptations for survival. These fundamentals are crucial for biology sections in medical entrance and state board exams.

Animal phyla characteristicsBacteria and flagellaBiological adaptationsKingdom Animalia classificationBody cavity typesExtinct organism subphylaJawless animals identification

Diversity in Living Organisms Questions

Multiple choice botany the living world archaebacteria the three domains of life classification of microbes

Which statement is true about domain archaea?

  1. They differ from both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

  2. They completely differ from prokaryotes

  3. They resemble eukarya in all aspects

  4. They have some novel features absent in other prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Domains Archaea contains single-celled microorganisms. These are prokaryotes. They do not have a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. They lack peptidoglycan in the cell wall. However, they have some novel features absent in other prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Instead of ester bonds like in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, they have ether bonds connecting fatty acids to molecules of glycerol. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'They have some novel features absent in other prokaryotes and eukaryotes.'

Multiple choice botany the living world archaebacteria the three domains of life classification of microbes

Thermococcus, Methanococcus and Methanobacterium exemplify

  1. Bacteria whose DNA is relaxed or positively supercoiled but which has a cytoskeleton as well as mitochondria

  2. Bacteria that contain a cytoskeleton and ribosome

  3. Archaebacteria that contain proteins homologous to eukaryotic core histones

  4. Archaebacteria that lack any histones resembling those found in eukaryotes but whose DNA is negatively supercoiled
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Archaebacteria, including the genera mentioned, are known to possess histone-like proteins that help package their DNA, similar to eukaryotic histones.

Multiple choice botany the living world archaebacteria the three domains of life classification of microbes

Archaea differ from eubacteria in one of the following features

  1. They have a rigid wall

  2. Their cell wall lacks peptidoglycan component
  3. They have $16$ sRNA

  4. They are very ancient
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The primary difference between Archaea and Eubacteria is that Archaea cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan, which is a defining feature of Eubacteria.

Multiple choice botany the living world archaebacteria the three domains of life classification of microbes

Some hyperthermophilic organisms that grow in highly acidic $(pH _2)$ habitats belong to two groups

  1. Cyanobacteria and diatoms

  2. Protists and mosses

  3. Liverworts and yeasts

  4. Eubacteria and archaea
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Many thermophiles are archaea, while thermophilic eubacteria are suggested to have been among the earliest bacteria.
  •  Many of these require elemental sulfur for growth. Some are anaerobes, that use the sulfur as an electron acceptor during cellular respiration. 
  • Some are lithotrophs, that oxidize sulfur to sulfuric acid, thus requiring the microorganism to be adapted to very low pH as well. These organisms are inhabitants of hot, sulfur-rich environments such as hot springs and geysers etc. Option D is correct.
Multiple choice botany the living world archaebacteria the three domains of life classification of microbes

Which one among the following is likely to be present in the harsh conditions of the deep sea water?

  1. Saprophytic fungi

  2. Archaebacteria

  3. Eubacteria

  4. Blue-green algae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Archeabacteria are also known as extremophiles because of the ability to survive in extreme environmental conditions. The deep sea environment is characterized by increased pressure, low visibility, low in nutrition etc. 
So, the correct answer is Archaebacteria.
Multiple choice botany the living world archaebacteria the three domains of life classification of microbes

A few organisms are known to grow and at temperatures of $ 100-105^o C. $ They before ________________.

  1. Thermophilic sulphur bacteria

  2. Hot spring blue-green algae

  3. Thermophilic subaerial fungi

  4. Marine archaebacteria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Thermophilic sulfur bacteria are extremophiles capable of surviving and growing in extremely high temperatures, such as those found in hot springs.

Multiple choice botany the living world archaebacteria the three domains of life classification of microbes

Barophilic prokaryotes -

  1. Grow slowly in highly alkaline frozen lakes

    at high altitudes

  2. Grow and multiply in very deep marine

    sediments

  3. Readily grow and divide in sea water

    enriched in any soluble salt of barium

  4. Occur in water containing high

    concentrations of barium hydroxide
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Barophilic prokaryotes grow and multiply in very deep marine sediments. A barophilic prokaryote, also generally defined as a barophile, is a type of organism which occurs and exists at high-pressure zones, like a deep-sea bacteria and archaebacteria.
So, the correct answer is 'Grow and multiply in very deep marine sediments'. 
Multiple choice botany the living world archaebacteria the three domains of life classification of microbes

Which of the following are likely to be present in deep sea water ?

  1. Archaebacteria

  2. Eubacteria

  3. Blue-green algae

  4. Saprophytic fungi
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A,B Correct answer
Explanation

Archeabacteria are also known as extremophiles because of the ability to survive in extreme environmental conditions. The deep sea environment is characterized by increased pressure, low visibility, low in nutrition etc. Benthic zone also harbors bacteria

So, the correct answer is 'Archaebacteria and Eubacteria'

Multiple choice botany the living world archaebacteria the three domains of life classification of microbes

Which of the following options is correct?

  1. Heterocyst are thin-walled and help in nitrogen fixation

  2. Archaebacteria are oldest living

  3. Fossil cell wall of archaebacteria and eubacteria are different but cell membrane are similar

  4. Penicilllin is an effective against mycoplasma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Archaebacteria are the oldest living organism. They can be found in some of the harshest environments. Traces of Archaebacteria have been seen in 3.8 billion-year-old fossil. Thus, are claimed as the oldest living organism. Heterocysts are nitrogen-fixing cells found in Nitrogen deprived cells of bacteria like cyanobacteria, Anabaena, Nostoc etc. Heterocyst synthesizes additional 3 layers of the cell wall, in turn, producing a THICK cell wall.The cell wall and cell membrane of archaebacteria both differ from that of eubacteria.The antibiotic, penicillin is ineffective against mycoplasma. So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany the living world archaebacteria the three domains of life classification of microbes

Select the correct statements among the following (i-iv) regarding the characteristics of certain organisms.
(i) Methanogens are archaebacteria which produce methane in marshy areas.
(ii) Nostoc is a filamentous blue-green alga which fixes atmospheric nitrogen.
(iii) Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria synthesize cellulose from glucose.
(iv) Mycoplasma lack a cell wall and can survive without oxygen

  1. (ii) and (iii)

  2. (i) and (ii)

  3. (ii) (iii) and (iii)

  4. (i) (ii) and (iv)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Statements (i), (ii), and (iv) are correct. (iii) is incorrect because chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria do not synthesize cellulose; they typically fix carbon using chemical energy.

Multiple choice botany the living world archaebacteria the three domains of life classification of microbes

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
Which of the following archaea would live at a deep-sea vent?

  1. Heterotrophic nutrition

  2. Prokaryotic organisation

  3. Presence of flagella

  4. Rigid cell wall
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Archaea have rigid cell walls which help in living at a deep-sea vent.

So, the correct option is 'Rigid cell wall'.

Multiple choice botany the living world archaebacteria the three domains of life classification of microbes

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
Which of the following archaea would live at a deep-sea vent?

  1. Thermoacidophile

  2. Halophile

  3. Methanogen

  4. Parasitic forms
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A thermoacidophile is an extremophilic microorganism that is both can grow under conditions of high temperature and low pH.

So, the correct option is 'Thermoacidophile'.