Biology · Science General

Diversity in Living Organisms

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The diversity in living organisms deals with the classification of life forms into various kingdoms and phyla. This topic covers specific traits of bacteria, animal body cavities, and structural adaptations for survival. These fundamentals are crucial for biology sections in medical entrance and state board exams.

Animal phyla characteristicsBacteria and flagellaBiological adaptationsKingdom Animalia classificationBody cavity typesExtinct organism subphylaJawless animals identification

Diversity in Living Organisms Questions

Multiple choice biology animal behaviour ethology natural selection coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

A lizard-like member of Reptilia is sitting on a tree with its tail coiled around a twig. This animal could be 

  1. Hemidactylus showing sexual dimorphism

  2. Varanus showing mimicry

  3. Garden lizard (Calotes) showing camouflage

  4. Chameleon showing protective colouration
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Chameleons camouflage themselves in a variety of different ways but most famously by changing the colour and pattern of their skin. Most chameleons can change colour and they do this by expanding or contracting cells in their skin that contain different pigments. They can blend into their surroundings by altering the colour of their skin to match the background. Chamaeleon (girgit) shows protective colouration with its surrounding e.g., twig. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology animal behaviour ethology natural selection coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Identify the animal behavior.
Geese recognize a ringing bell as mother if exposed to it during a critical period shortly after hatching.

  1. Reasoning/insight

  2. Imprinting

  3. Classical conditioning

  4. Habituation

  5. Instinct
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
If Geese reconginzes a ringing bell as mother if exposed to it during a critical period shortly after hatching, it could be called as 'imprinting'. Imprinting is a type of behaviour in which an organism behaves in the same way to which it is exposed immediately after birth. The first object viewed or heard by an organism is recognized and gets imprinted in the mind.
Multiple choice biology animal behaviour ethology natural selection coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

A behavioral strategy of adaptation called echolocation is found in 

  1. bats

  2. butterfly

  3. praying mantiis

  4. arctic tern
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Bats are nocturnal flying mammals which do not employ eyesight for location of their path. food place of rest etc. They produce high frequency sound which produces echoes after striking various objects on the principle of sonar. Echoes are then analysed by bats to know their path.  

Multiple choice biology option a: neurobiology and behaviour ethology animal behaviour natural selection

Raj was swimming in a pond. When he walked back to his car, he noticed that several newly hatched ducklings were following his moves. Which among the following explains it correctly?

  1. Tropism

  2. Conditioning

  3. Sympathetic nervous system

  4. Associative learning

  5. Imprinting
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation
  • Tropism is referred to as the response to a stimulus.
  • Conditioning is a behavior where the response comes from frequent predictable consequences.
  • The sympathetic nervous system regulates the unconscious actions.
  • Associative learning is when a new response becomes associated with a particular stimulus.
  • Imprinting is a way of learning at a certain phase of life in which the organism follows the surrounding environment.  It is generally seen at the early hours of a newborn. It helps in the vocational development of organisms.
So, the correct option is 'Imprinting'.
Multiple choice botany the living world archaebacteria the three domains of life classification of microbes

Archaebacteria and eubacteria have been included under the kingdom

  1. Monera

  2. Plantae

  3. Fungi

  4. Protista

  5. Animalia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Monera is a kingdom that includes prokaryotic unicellular organisms. It includes bacteria, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Cyanobacteria. They lack membrane-bound organelles. They also lack true nucleus. Instead, they have nucleoid, genetic material without nuclear envelope.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Monera.'

Multiple choice botany the living world archaebacteria the three domains of life classification of microbes

Archaebacteria that flourish in temperature above $100^0C $ have special ______ molecules that do not coagulate at high temperatures and remain functional. 

  1. carbohydrate

  2. ester

  3. protein

  4. fat
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Archaebacteria that flourish in temperature above 100 degree C have special protein molecules that do not coagulate at high temperatures and remain functional.
So, the correct answer is 'protein' 
Multiple choice botany the living world archaebacteria the three domains of life classification of microbes

Members of the archaebacteria

  1. May possess bacteriorhodopsin

  2. Possess branched chain lipids

  3. May possess high temperature tolerant enzymes

  4. May associated with body of eukaryotic organisms
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Enzymes synthesized by archaea (with optimal growth temperatures of >80 degree Celsius), also called hyperthermophilic enzymes, are typically thermostable ( that is resistant to irreversible inactivation at high temperatures) and are optically active at high temperatures. 

Multiple choice botany the living world archaebacteria the three domains of life classification of microbes

Plasmids are found in

  1. Bacteria

  2. viruses

  3. Algae

  4. Fungi
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A plasmid is a small, circular piece of DNA that is different than the chromosomal DNA, which is all the genetic material found in an organism's chromosomes. It replicates independently of chromosomal DNA. Plasmids are mainly found in bacteria.

So, the correct option is 'Bacteria'.

Multiple choice botany living world and classification of microbes archaebacteria the three domains of life classification of microbes

What is true for Archaebacteria?

  1. All are halophiles

  2. All are photosynthetic

  3. All are fossils

  4. Oldest living organisms
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The archaebacteria are the primitive, single-celled, prokaryotic organisms. These are the ancient and oldest living organisms. These were the first organism which evolved on the Earth. These organisms have evolved to survive in the extreme conditions like the halophiles, thermophiles, acidophiles, methanogens, etc. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice botany the living world archaebacteria the three domains of life classification of microbes

A few organisms are known to grow and multiply at temperatures of 100 ` $105^{0}$C. They belong to


  1. Thermophilic sub aerial fungi

  2. Marine archaebaderia

  3. Thermophilic sulphur bacteria

  4. Hot spring blue-green algae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Thermophilic sulphur bacteria are found in hot springs and multiply at temperatutures 100-105$^0$C

So, the correct answer is 'Thermophilic sulphur bacteria

Multiple choice botany the living world archaebacteria the three domains of life classification of microbes

Among the following, which organism can be found in extreme temperatures?

  1. Fungi

  2. Cyanobacteria

  3. Eubacteria

  4. Archaebacteria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

There are three major known groups of Archaebacteria, namely methanogens, halophiles and thermophiles. Halophiles are organisms that thrive in high salt concentrations. Thermophiles are organisms that thrive extreme temperatures. Methanogens are organisms that produce methane gas.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Archaebacteria.'

Multiple choice botany the living world archaebacteria the three domains of life classification of microbes

The most primitive of monerans are

  1. Rickettsiae

  2. Actinomycetes

  3. Progenote

  4. Archaebacteria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Monera is non-nucleated unicellular organisms. They are prokaryotes. They have no membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, Golgi complex. They lack a true nucleus. Instead, they have nucleoid, genetic material without a nuclear membrane. Examples include Bacteria, Archaebacteria, Mycoplasma, Blue-Green algae. Out of these, the most primitive of monerans are Archaebacteria.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Archaebacteria.'

Multiple choice botany the living world archaebacteria the three domains of life classification of microbes

Which of the following characteristics can be related to Archaebacteria?

  1. All photosynthetic

  2. All fossils

  3. All halophiles

  4. Oldest living beings
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Archaebacteria are unicellular prokaryotic organisms. They include halophiles, thermophiles, methanogens. They are found in extreme habitats like areas with high salt concentration, extremely high temperature, marshy areas. They are non-photosynthetic bacteria. They are the oldest living beings. They are primitive organisms.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Oldest living beings.'