Biology · Science General

Diversity in Living Organisms

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The diversity in living organisms deals with the classification of life forms into various kingdoms and phyla. This topic covers specific traits of bacteria, animal body cavities, and structural adaptations for survival. These fundamentals are crucial for biology sections in medical entrance and state board exams.

Animal phyla characteristicsBacteria and flagellaBiological adaptationsKingdom Animalia classificationBody cavity typesExtinct organism subphylaJawless animals identification

Diversity in Living Organisms Questions

Multiple choice zoology animal diversity - ii (phylum: chordata) aves and mammalia classifications of chordata aves

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
Birds use which of the following features:

  1. flight

  2. social functions

  3. heat conservation

  4. all of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Bird flight is the primary mode of locomotion used by most bird species in which birds take off and fly. Flight assists birds while feeding, breeding, avoiding predators, and migrating. Bird flight is one of the most complex forms of locomotion in the animal kingdom. Some birds, are among the most intelligent animals; several bird species make and use tools, and many social species pass on knowledge across generations, which is considered a form of culture. In cooler weather, rather than increasing their metabolic rate, birds can save energy by using environmental heat to raise their body temperature passively. Birds have evolved the ability to maintain their body temperature at a somewhat lower level during periods of inactivity or in response to food deprivation.

So, the correct option is, 'all of these'.

Multiple choice zoology animal diversity - ii (phylum: chordata) aves and mammalia classifications of chordata aves

Phenomenon seen in amphibia but not in mammals is ________________.

  1. Ability to undergo transformation

  2. Ability to change according to season

  3. Ability to change colour

  4. Ability to stay still for long periods of time
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Amphibians undergo metamorphosis (transformation) from a larval stage (like a tadpole) to an adult form. Mammals do not undergo this type of life-cycle transformation.

Multiple choice zoology animal diversity - ii (phylum: chordata) aves and mammalia classifications of chordata aves

What is common between parrot, platypus and kangaroo?

  1. Toothless jaws

  2. Functional postanal tail

  3. Oviparity

  4. Homoiothermy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Parrot belongs to the Class Aves whereas platypus and kangaroo belong to the Class Mammalia. Both ayes and mammals are homoiotherms, i.e., the temperature of their body remains constant irrespective of the temperature of the environment.

So the correct option is D.

Multiple choice zoology animal diversity - ii (phylum: chordata) aves and mammalia classifications of chordata aves

In which one of the following, the genus name, its two characters and its class/phylum are correctly matched?

Genus Name Two characters Class/Phylum
(a) Ascaris (i)(ii) Body segmentedMales and females distinct Annelida
(b) Salamandra (i)(ii) A tympanum cover middle ear,Fertilisation is internal Amphibia
(c) Pteropus (i)(ii) Skin possesses hairOviparous Mammalia
(d) Aurelia (i)(ii) CnidoblastOrgan level of organisation Coelenterata

  1. (a)

  2. (b)

  3. (c)

  4. (d)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Salamandra belonging to the Class Amphibia has a tympanum that covers middle ear and in it fertilisation is internal. Ascaris has an unsegmented body and it belongs to the Phylum Aschelminthes. Pteropus is viviparous. Aurelia has a tissue level of organisation.

So the correct option is B.

Multiple choice zoology animal diversity - ii (phylum: chordata) aves and mammalia classifications of chordata aves

Which one of the following sets of animals share a four chambered heart?

  1. Amphibian, Reptiles, Birds

  2. Crocodiles, Birds, Mammals

  3. Crocodiles, Lizards, Turtles

  4. Lizards, Mammals, Birds
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Amphibians have three-chambered heart, while reptiles have incomplete four-chambered heart (except crocodiles). Crocodiles, birds and mammals have complete, four-chambered hearts.

Multiple choice zoology animal diversity - ii (phylum: chordata) aves and mammalia classifications of chordata aves

Animal development is limited to the period prior to birth hatching.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Animal development are the processes that lead eventually to the formation of new animal from cells derived from one or more parent individuals. There are various post-embryonic development that takes place outside the body and are considered as animal development.

Multiple choice zoology animal diversity - ii (phylum: chordata) aves and mammalia classifications of chordata aves

What do porcupine quills, pangolin scales, lion's claws, goose feathers and yak hooves have in common?

  1. They are made of cellulose

  2. They are made of keratin

  3. They secrete a substance called ambergris

  4. None of this
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Keratin is a protein deposited in the epidermal cells which protect the epithelial cells from damage or stress.
  • It is an important structural material that makes up the hair, horns, claws, hooves, and nails etc.
  • So, the correct answer is 'They are made of keratin'.
Multiple choice zoology animal diversity - ii (phylum: chordata) aves and mammalia classifications of chordata aves

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
How are salamanders different from snakes?

  1. Ancestors of snakes but not salamanders were tetrapods

  2. Salamanders reproduce on land but snakes do not

  3. Snakes but not salamanders lay a shelled egg

  4. Salamanders are carnivores, and snakes are herbivores
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Snakes have leathery, soft or hard eggs laid on land or maintained inside the body until hatching. Salamanders have soft eggs normally laid in water or in damp media.

So the correct answer is "Snakes but not salamanders lay a shelled egg".

Multiple choice zoology animal diversity - ii (phylum: chordata) aves and mammalia classifications of chordata aves

Double uterus and double vagina are characteristic of.

  1. Prototheria

  2. Metatheria

  3. Chiroptera

  4. Cetacea
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Marsupials have two vagina and two uterus and before birth a birth canal forms between them. The ancestors of marsupials are part of a larger group called metatherians and they represent the clade originating from the last common ancestor of metatherians. So, the correct option is 'Metatheria'.

Multiple choice zoology animal diversity - ii (phylum: chordata) aves and mammalia classifications of chordata aves

Pouched or marspium containing mammals are

  1. Prototheria

  2. Metatheria

  3. Eutheria

  4. Theria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Metatherians are mammals that are also known as marsupials. Most of the marsupials are found in Central and South America and in Australia. They are called marsupials as they have a marsupium or pouch on their bodies. This group consists of animals like kangaroos, wombat, macropods, et cetera.

So, the correct answer is 'Metatheria'.

Multiple choice zoology animal diversity - ii (phylum: chordata) aves and mammalia classifications of chordata aves

In which of the following groups contain oviparous mammals?

  1. Prototheria

  2. Metatheria

  3. Eutheria

  4. Theria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Oviparous animals are the egg-laying animals which show little or no embryonic development within the mother.
  • This type of reproductive method is common in most fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and prototherians.
  • Prototherians are egg-laying mammals and feed their newborn like all other mammals.  
  • They lack nipples but the skin over their mammary glands secrete milk for their babies. 
  • They are called monotreme as they have only one opening for excretion and reproduction. 
  • So, the correct answer is 'Prototheria'.
Multiple choice zoology animal diversity - ii (phylum: chordata) aves and mammalia classifications of chordata aves

The scrotum is absent in organisms belonging to which infraclass of class mammalia?

  1. Eutheria

  2. Metatheria

  3. Prototheria

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A. Eutherians are called placental mammals, in which the mothers carry their unborn.

  • In them, the scrotum is present behind the penis.
B. Metatherians are also called marsupials or pouched mammals, the young are born immature and for further development takes place in mothers pouch. in the mother's pouch. 
  • In them, the scrotum is present in front of the penis.
C. Prototherians are called egg-laying mammals.

  • In them scrotum is absent.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Prototheria'.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of dicot stem internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot) anatomy of stem

Actinostele is the modification of

  1. Protostele

  2. Siphonostele

  3. Solenostele

  4. Dictyostele
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The earliest vascular plants had stems with a central core of vascular tissue. This consisted of a cylindrical strand of xylem, surrounded by a region of phloem. Around the vascular tissue, there might have been an endodermis that regulated the flow of water into and out of the vascular system. Such, an arrangement is termed a protostele, which is the simplest type of stele. Actinostele is a variation of the protostele in which the core is lobed or fluted. This stele is found in many species of club moss. Actinosteles are typically exarch  and consist of several to many patches of protoxylem at the tips of the lobes of the metaxylem. Exarch protosteles are a defining characteristic of the lycophyte lineage.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.