Biology · Science General

Diversity in Living Organisms

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The diversity in living organisms deals with the classification of life forms into various kingdoms and phyla. This topic covers specific traits of bacteria, animal body cavities, and structural adaptations for survival. These fundamentals are crucial for biology sections in medical entrance and state board exams.

Animal phyla characteristicsBacteria and flagellaBiological adaptationsKingdom Animalia classificationBody cavity typesExtinct organism subphylaJawless animals identification

Diversity in Living Organisms Questions

Multiple choice biology micro - organisms: a wonderful world diseases caused by protozoa protozoan disease protozoa: benefits and harmful effects

How does Paramecium look under compound microscope?

  1. Oval

  2. Irregular

  3. Circular

  4. Long thread like
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The Paramecium is a unicellular ciliated protozoan. It looks an oval, slipper-shaped micro-organism when observed under a microscope, rounded at the front/top and pointed at the back/bottom. It can also be seen by naked eyes.

Multiple choice biology micro - organisms: a wonderful world diseases caused by protozoa protozoan disease protozoa: benefits and harmful effects

The microorganism known as pond scum is autotrophic due to the presence of 

  1. Carotene

  2. Chlorophyll

  3. Melanin

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Pond scum is a massive growth of algae on the surface of the pond or any stagnant water source. They are autotrophic in nature due to the green compound present which helps in photosynthesis, these pigments are called chlorophyll.

So, the correct option is 'Chlorophyll'.

Multiple choice biology excretion - the wastage disposing system introduction to excretory system structures and functions related to the excretory system introduction to excretion

Select the option that correctly matches a characteristics feature with the group of three animals.

  1. Excretion through Malpighian tubules - Limulus, Loligo, Locusta

  2. Parapodia help in swimmming - Neries, Pheretima, Hirudinaria

  3. Rasping organ called radula - Pila, Octopus, Sepia

  4. Comb plates for locomotion - Pleurobrachia, Pennatula, Ctenoplana
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
The phylum Mollusca animals have a file-like rasping organ called radula that helps in feeding.
(A) Malpighian tubules are the excretory organs present in terrestrial arthropods and are responsible for maintaining the ionic and osmotic balance. These tubules remove the waste from the hemolymph and the final excretion occurs in the rectum. Loligo is a mollusc.
(B) Parapodia help in swimming in aquatic annelids. Pheretima is not aquatic.
(C) In phylum Mollusca, Class Cephalopoda has a file-like structure called radula which helps in feeding. Pila, Octopus, Sepia have the radula.
(D) Phylum Ctenophora animals have eight rows of ciliated comb-plates that help in locomotion. Pennatula is a Cnidarian. 
Hence, the correct answer is 'Rasping organ called radula- Pila, Octopus, Sepia'.
Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Which of the following is not the layer of chemically complex cell envelope of prokaryotic cells?

  1. Glycocalyx

  2. Chromatophore

  3. Cell wall

  4. Cell membrane
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Chromatophores are the pigment-containing and light-reflecting cell. They have no contribution to the protection and structure of the cells. Thus, they are not present in the chemically complex cell envelop of prokaryotic organisms.
Glycocalyx surrounds the cell membrane of bacteria. It is a glycoprotein and glycolipid layer.
Cell wall is the outer most layer of the plant cell. It is composed of cellulose.
Cell membrane is made up of lipids and proteins.
So, the correct answer is 'Chromatophore'.
Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

In which of the following bacteria, cell membrane invaginates and gets folded inside the cell forming mesosomes?

  1. Salmonella

  2. Pseudomonas

  3. Rhizobium

  4. Bacillus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Cell membrane invaginates and gets folded inside the cell forming mesosomes in bacillus because mesosomes are present only in the gram-positive organisms. All the other bacteria are gram-negative organism.

So, the correct answer is 'Bacillus'.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Cell wall is chemically made up of peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharides in

  1. Gram Positive bacteria

  2. Protists

  3. Mycoplasma

  4. Gram Negative bacteria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the gram-staining method of bacterial differentiation. They are characterized by their cell envelopes, which are composed of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall sandwiched between an inner cytoplasmic cell membrane and a bacterial outer membrane. They are an important medical challenge, as their outer membrane protects them from many antibiotics (including penicillin); detergents that would normally damage the peptidoglycans of the (inner) cell membrane; and lysozyme, an antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals that form part of the innate immune system. Additionally, the outer leaflet of this membrane comprises a complex lipopolysaccharide (LPS) whose lipid A component can cause a toxic reaction when these bacteria are lysed by immune cells. 

So, the correct answer is D.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Which of the following statements is false?

  1. Bacteria glycocalyx differ in composition and thickness among diffrent bacteria.

  2. Bacterial envelope has a layered structure and each layer has a distinct function but they act as a single structure

  3. Bacteria are organelle less and contains ribosomes

  4. Number and arrangements of flagella is variable in bacteria.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice botany cell and cell organelles gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

A prokaryotic cell lacks 

  1. Cell wall

  2. Cell membrane

  3. Cytoplasm

  4. Nucleolus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A prokaryotic cell lacks a nucleolus. A prokaryote is a single-celled organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelles. All the intracellular water-soluble components are located together in the same volume enclosed by the cell membrane, rather than in separate cellular compartments.

Multiple choice botany living world and classification of microbes gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Which one of the following is not a characteristic of Gram positive bacteria?

  1. Cell wall is smooth

  2. Mesosomes are distinctively prominent

  3. Basal body of flagellum contains 2 rings

  4. Outer membrane is present
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Outer membrane and periplasmic space are absent in Gram positive bacteria but present in Gram negative bacteria. The outer membrane in Gram negative bacteria is made up of lipopolysaccharides.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

The main difference in Gram $(+)$ve and Gram $(-)$ve bacteria resides in their

  1. Cell wall

  2. Cell membrane

  3. Cytoplasm

  4. Flagella
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

All bacteria posses cell wall. However, the bacteria are classified as Gram positive bacteria and Gram negative bacteria on the basis of their cell wall. Cell wall of Gram positive bacteria consist of multiple layer of peptidoglycan. Cell wall of Gram negative bacteria is made up thin layer of peptidoglycan. In addition, they have one more outer layer of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Thus, the correct answer is 'Cell wall.'

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Gram $(-)$ bacteria differ from Gram $(+)$ bacteria is having ____________.

  1. Thick wall

  2. Complex wall

  3. Simple wall

  4. Absence of wall lipids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Gram positive bacteria differ from Gram negative bacteria in the structure of their cell wall. Gram positive bacteria do not have an outer cell membrane that is present in Gram negative bacteria. The cell wall of Gram positive bacteria have a thick, multi-layered peptidoglycan layer.
 Hence, it retains the crystal violet dye in gram staining. Gram negative bacteria have a thin, single layer of peptidoglycan. Hence, it does not retain the crystal violet dye in gram staining. Gram positive bacteria have techoic acids in the cell wall whereas Gram negative bacteria do not. Gram positive bacteria have low level of lipid content. Gram negative bacteria have high content of lipid, lipopolysaccharide.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Thick wall.'
Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Mucopeptide is abundant in the cell wall of

  1. Cyanobacteria
  2. Gram $(+)$ bacteria
  3. Gram $(-)$ bacteria

  4. Bacteriophage
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria have a peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall. It is also called as mucopeptide or murein. However, Gram positive bacteria have thick layer of peptidoglycan. Hence, mucopeptide is abundant in the cell wall of gram positive bacteria. Gram negative bacteria have thin layer of mucopeptide. Apart from this, Gram negative bacteria have outer wall made up of lipopolysaccharide. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Gram (+) bacteria.'

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Which is not a characteristic of Gram $(+)$ bacteria?

  1. Smooth cell wall

  2. Outer membrane

  3. Prominent mesosomes

  4. Two rings in basal body of flagellum
  5. $70-80\%$ murein in cell wall
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Gram positive bacteria differs from Gram negative bacteria in having multiple layers of peptidoglycan. They have 20–30 nm thick and smooth cell wall. They contain 70-80% murein or peptidoglycan in cell wall. They do not have outer membrane like Gram negative bacteria, which have an outer LPS layer. Due to absence of outer LPS layer, Gram positive bacteria has two rings in basal body of flagellum, one attached to the plasma membrane and one attached to the peptidoglycan wall. They have prominent mesosomes. Mesosomes are folded invaginations of the plasma membrane.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Outer membrane.'

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Wall is two-layered in

  1. Mycoplasma

  2. Archaebacteria
  3. Gram $(+)$ bacteria
  4. Gram $(-)$ bacteria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

On the basis of composition of cell wall, the bacteria are classified into two groups, namely Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Cell wall of all bacteria is made up of peptidoglycan. The gram positive bacteria contains thick layer of peptidoglycan. However, Gram negative bacteria contains thin layer of peptidoglycan. Apart from this, it also contains an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Hence, the wall of Gram negative bacteria is two-layered.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Gram (−) bacteria.'

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics gram staining microbiology: organisms in industry cell wall and cell membrane

Peptidoglycan (mucopeptide) is found in walls of _____________.

  1. Only Gram +ve bacteria

  2. Both Gram +ve and -ve bacteria

  3. Gram +ve, -ve bacteria and fungi

  4. Bacteria and green algae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The mucopeptide is a peptidoglycan that is insoluble in nature. It is also called as murein. It is present in almost all bacterial cell walls.