Civics Polity · Law Legal Studies

Judiciary and Legal Systems

1,782 Questions

Judiciary and legal systems form the framework for interpreting laws and delivering justice. Questions in this section explore judicial review, the hierarchy of courts, and the issuance of writs. This topic is crucial for polity and law prelims preparation.

Judicial reviewHigh courts structureIssuance of writsSubordinate courtsPublic interest litigation

Judiciary and Legal Systems Questions

Multiple choice

What is the jurisdiction of courts in RTI?

  1. The court can't interfere in implementation of the RTI Act.

  2. The Supreme Court and High court can interfere.

  3. The Central Information Commission is the last resort.

  4. The State Government can interefere.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Lower Courts are barred from entertaining suits or applications against any order made under this Act. (S.23) However, the writ jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and High Courts under Articles 32 and 225 of the Constitution remains unaffected.

Multiple choice

How do I appeal a denial/ delay / unsatisfactory information?

  1. File case before a court of Law

  2. Appeal to the Central /State Information Commission, as the case may be

  3. Appeal to the just above authority of appeal

  4. Appeal to the state/ central government
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Appeal to the just above authority of appeal. In case appeal is allowed, the Competent Authority shall supply the information to the applicant within such period as ordered by the Appellate Authority. This period shall not exceed 30 days from the date of receipt of the order. There is no provision for second appeal under the Act.

Multiple choice

Attempt to commit suicide is triable by

  1. the Court of Session

  2. a Magistrate of the first class

  3. any Magistrate

  4. an executive Magistrate
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Option (3) is correct: Attempt to commit suicide is triable by any Magistrate.

Multiple choice

The authority to annul, alter or add to the rules in the First Schedule of the Code of Civil Procedure rests with the

  1. High Court

  2. State Government

  3. Supreme Court with the previous approval of rules by the Central Government

  4. High Court with the previous approval of rules by the State Government
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Option (4) is correct: High court has the authority to annul, alter or add to the rules in the First Schedule of the Code of Civil Procedure.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements correctly defines the Judicial Review ?

  1. The authority of the Courts to punish political offenders

  2. The authority of the Courts to correct the errors of the government

  3. The authority of the Courts to issue various writs

  4. The authority of the Courts to interpret the legality of laws
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Judicial review is the power of the judiciary to examine the constitutionality of legislative enactments and executive orders. If a law or order is found to violate the Constitution, the courts can declare it null and void. This mechanism ensures the supremacy of the Constitution and protects the fundamental rights of citizens.

Multiple choice

The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and

  1. 22 judges

  2. 20 judges

  3. 26 judges

  4. 24 judges
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Historically, the Supreme Court of India consisted of a Chief Justice and 25 other judges (total 26) following an amendment in 1986. The sanctioned strength has since been increased to 31 in 2009 and further to 34 in 2019. Given the options, 26 represents the total sanctioned strength that was in place for a long period before the 2009 increase.

Multiple choice

The Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court may be enlarged by the

  1. Parliament by law

  2. Parliament by resolution

  3. President of India

  4. President of India in consultation with the Chief Justice of India
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Option (1) is correct: The Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court may be enlarged by the Parliament by law.

Multiple choice

In which of the following case will the plaint be ordered to be returned for presentation to the proper court?

  1. The plaintiff frames his suit in a manner not warranted by the facts and goes for his relief to a court which cannot grant him.

  2. The plaintiff chooses a wrong court in respect of territorial limits.

  3. The plaintiff chooses a wrong court in respect of pecuniary limits.

  4. Both (2) and (3)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Option (4) is correct: The plaint will be ordered to be returned for presentation to the proper court if the plaintiff chooses a wrong court in respect of territorial or pecuniary limits.

Multiple choice

Judge is defined as the presiding officer of civil court under ______ of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908.

  1. Section 2(8)

  2. Section 2(4)

  3. Section 2(5)

  4. Section 2(2)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Option (1) is correct: Section 2(8) of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 defines "judge" as the presiding officer of a civil court. Option (2) is incorrect: Section 2(4) of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 defines “district”. Option (3) is incorrect: Section 2(5) of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 defines foreign “judgement”. Option (4) is incorrect: Section 2(2) of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 defines “decree”.

Multiple choice

An independent judiciary is

  1. a safeguard for the civil rights of the people

  2. a danger to the constitution

  3. an obstacle to the ministry

  4. a detriment to the democracy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

An independent judiciary acts as a check on the other branches of government. It ensures that the rule of law is maintained and protects the fundamental rights of citizens from encroachment.