Judiciary and Legal Systems

Administrative Tribunals specifically handle disputes and complaints related to recruitment and conditions of service for persons appointed to public services. They cover employees working for the Union, any State, or local authorities within India. The tribunals do not handle private sector disputes, eliminating options A and B.

Administrative Tribunals have exclusive jurisdiction in their designated matters, completely excluding the jurisdiction of both the High Court (under Article 226/227) and Civil Courts. They are designed as a specialized alternative to the regular judicial system, not as a supplementary forum.

While Administrative Tribunals generally exclude the jurisdiction of all courts, the Supreme Court's jurisdiction is preserved under Article 136, which allows it to grant special leave to appeal against any tribunal order. This provides a constitutional safeguard against tribunal decisions.

Administrative Tribunals established under the Administrative Tribunals Act 1985 exclude the jurisdiction of High Courts under Article 226 over service matters. Article 226 empowers High Courts to issue writs for enforcement of fundamental rights and for any other purpose, but service matters are now handled by Administrative Tribunals to reduce judicial burden.

Administrative Tribunal has been established for adjudication of disputes with respect to recruitment and conditions of service of persons appointed to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or other local authorities within the territory of India or under the control of Government of India and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. This was done in pursuance of the amendment of Constitution of India by Article 323A.

Correct Answer: not binding on the President   As per Article 143 the President has the power to address questions to the Supreme Court, which he deems important for public welfare. The Supreme Court “advises” the President by answering the query put before it. Till date this mechanism has been put to use only twelve times. However, it is not binding on the President.

Under Article 124(7) of the Constitution, retired Supreme Court judges are prohibited from practicing before any court in India - including the Supreme Court, High Courts, or lower courts. This restriction ensures judicial independence and prevents former judges from arguing cases they might have previously influenced or could influence through their connections.

Option (4) is correct: Under Articles 226 and 32, the High Court and the Supreme Court respectively are authorised to the enforcement of Fundamental Rights in case of violation.

Option (1) is incorrect: The appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court can be invoked by a certificate granted by the High Court concerned under Article 132(1), 133(1) or 134 of the Constitution in respect of any judgement, decree or final order of a High Court in both civil and criminal cases. Option (2) is incorrect: Writ jurisdiction of the Supreme Court has been dealt with in Article 32 of the Constitution of India. Option (3) is incorrect: Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court has been dealt with in Article 131 of the Constitution of India. Option (4) is correct: Advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court has been dealt with in Article 143 of the Constitution of India.

Correct answer is (3). 

Option (1) is incorrect: Where an indigent person succeeds, the court fee shall not be recovered from the defendant.

Option (1) is incorrect: Suit for partition of immovable property shall not be instituted in the court where plaintiff resides.

Option (1) is incorrect: Cannot be rejected Option (2) is incorrect: Cannot be returned Option (3) is correct: Maintainable under explanation provided under Order 9, Rule 13 of the CPC Option (4) is incorrect: Cannot be referred for opinion to the appellate court

Option (1) is correct: Under Order VI, Rule 17 of the CPC, pleadings can be amended before the trial court only.