Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

Binomial nomenclature was given by Carlous Linnaeus. This naming system is being practised by biologists all over the world.

R.H. Whittaker proposed the five kingdom classification.

The modern periodic table was given by Henery Mosley. 

August Weismann proposed the germplasm theory in the late 19th century, stating that inheritance is carried only by germ cells (gametes) and that somatic cells do not pass on acquired characteristics. This theory helped disprove Lamarckian inheritance. Mendel discovered inheritance laws but didn't propose germplasm theory. Lamarck proposed the inheritance of acquired characteristics that Weismann argued against.

Thomas Malthus wrote 'An Essay on the Principle of Population' (1798), arguing that human populations grow faster than resources can support. Darwin read this and realized its implications - competition for limited resources would lead to differential survival. This insight helped Darwin formulate natural selection. Lyell influenced Darwin's geological understanding, while Wallace independently conceived natural selection. Herbert Spencer later coined 'survival of the fittest'.

Carl Linnaeus was the first person to give biological classification.

Benjamin Hall and Gustav Ammerer developed the first genetically engineered vaccine (hepatitis B).

Radiocarbon dating (or simply carbon dating) is a radiometric dating technique that uses the decay of carbon-14 to estimate the age of organic materials, such as wood and leather, up to about 58,000 to 62,000 years. Carbon dating was presented to the world by Willard Libby in 1949, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

This is the correct option. Charles Robert Darwin gave The Theory of Natural Selection'.

Hans Kelsen, Austrian jurist, propounded the Pure Theory of Law with the concept of Grundnorm (basic norm). The Grundnorm is the foundational, presupposed norm from which all other legal norms derive their validity - it's the ultimate basis of a legal system's unity and coherence. Austin had command theory, Hart developed rule of recognition, Diguit was a French civil law jurist - none proposed Grundnorm.

James Culliton first used the term 'Marketing Mix' in 1948, describing the marketing executive as a 'mixer of ingredients' who combines elements like product, price, place, and promotion. Neil Borden later popularized this concept in the 1950s. Henry Fayol is known for management principles, Peter Drucker for management objectives, and Abraham Maslow for the hierarchy of needs.

Management by Objectives (MBO) was popularized by Peter F. Drucker in his 1954 book 'The Practice of Management.' While the concept has earlier roots, Drucker systematically developed and promoted MBO as a comprehensive management philosophy focusing on setting specific, measurable goals and evaluating performance against them. F.W. Taylor is associated with scientific management, Maslow with motivation theory, and Fayol with administrative principles.

Entner-Doudoroff pathway was first reported by Michael Doudoroff and Nathan Entner in Pseudomonas saccharophila.