Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

Directions: Based on the information from the paragraph, choose the appropriate number 1 - 4 to complete the following statement.

Out of pleasure, Edison

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

THOMAS EDISON
Thomas Edison was born February 11, 1847 in Milan, Ohio. He was nicknamed "Al" at an early age. At age 11, Edison moved to Michigan where he spent the rest of his childhood. Thomas Edison struggled at school, but learned to love reading and conducting experiments from his mother who taught him at home. At age 15, Edison became a "tramp telegrapher", sending and receiving messages via Morse Code, an electronically-conveyed alphabet using different clicks for each letter. Eventually, he worked for the Union Army as a telegrapher. Edison often entertained himself by taking things apart to see how they worked. Soon, he decided to become an inventor. In 1870, Edison moved to New York City and improved the stock ticker. He soon formed his own company that manufactured the new stock tickers. He also began working on the telegraph, and invented a version that could send four messages at once. Meanwhile, Edison married Mary Stillwell, had three children and moved his family to Menlo Park, New Jersey, where he started his famous laboratory. In 1877, Edison, with help from "muckers", individuals from around the world looking to make fortunes in America, invented the phonograph. The phonograph was a machine that recorded and played back sounds. He perfected the phonograph by recording "Mary had a Little Lamb" on a piece of tin foil. In 1878, Edison invented the light bulb as well as the power grid system, which could generate electricity and deliver it to homes through a network of wires. He subsequently started the Edison Electric Light Company in October of 1878. In 1884, after he attained great fame and fortune, Mary Stillwell died. Edison remarried 20 year old Mina Miller in 1886. He had three more children and moved to West Orange, New Jersey. At West Orange, Edison built one of the largest laboratories in the world. He worked extremely hard and registered 1,093 patents. Edison continued to invent or improve products and make significant contributions to x-ray technology, storage batteries and motion pictures (movies). He also invented the world's first talking doll. His inventions changed the world forever. They still influence the way we live today. Edison worked until his death on October 18, 1931.

Directions: Based on the information from the paragraph, choose the appropriate number 1 – 4 to complete the following statement.

After tying the knot with Mary Stillwell, Edison

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

THOMAS EDISON
Thomas Edison was born February 11, 1847 in Milan, Ohio. He was nicknamed "Al" at an early age. At age 11, Edison moved to Michigan where he spent the rest of his childhood. Thomas Edison struggled at school, but learned to love reading and conducting experiments from his mother who taught him at home. At age 15, Edison became a "tramp telegrapher", sending and receiving messages via Morse Code, an electronically-conveyed alphabet using different clicks for each letter. Eventually, he worked for the Union Army as a telegrapher. Edison often entertained himself by taking things apart to see how they worked. Soon, he decided to become an inventor. In 1870, Edison moved to New York City and improved the stock ticker. He soon formed his own company that manufactured the new stock tickers. He also began working on the telegraph, and invented a version that could send four messages at once. Meanwhile, Edison married Mary Stillwell, had three children and moved his family to Menlo Park, New Jersey, where he started his famous laboratory. In 1877, Edison, with help from "muckers", individuals from around the world looking to make fortunes in America, invented the phonograph. The phonograph was a machine that recorded and played back sounds. He perfected the phonograph by recording "Mary had a Little Lamb" on a piece of tin foil. In 1878, Edison invented the light bulb as well as the power grid system, which could generate electricity and deliver it to homes through a network of wires. He subsequently started the Edison Electric Light Company in October of 1878. In 1884, after he attained great fame and fortune, Mary Stillwell died. Edison remarried 20 year old Mina Miller in 1886. He had three more children and moved to West Orange, New Jersey. At West Orange, Edison built one of the largest laboratories in the world. He worked extremely hard and registered 1,093 patents. Edison continued to invent or improve products and make significant contributions to x-ray technology, storage batteries and motion pictures (movies). He also invented the world's first talking doll. His inventions changed the world forever. They still influence the way we live today. Edison worked until his death on October 18, 1931.

Directions: Based on the information from the paragraph, choose the appropriate number 1 - 4 to complete the following statement.

When he lost his wife,

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

THOMAS EDISON
Thomas Edison was born February 11, 1847 in Milan, Ohio. He was nicknamed "Al" at an early age. At age 11, Edison moved to Michigan where he spent the rest of his childhood. Thomas Edison struggled at school, but learned to love reading and conducting experiments from his mother who taught him at home. At age 15, Edison became a "tramp telegrapher", sending and receiving messages via Morse Code, an electronically-conveyed alphabet using different clicks for each letter. Eventually, he worked for the Union Army as a telegrapher. Edison often entertained himself by taking things apart to see how they worked. Soon, he decided to become an inventor. In 1870, Edison moved to New York City and improved the stock ticker. He soon formed his own company that manufactured the new stock tickers. He also began working on the telegraph, and invented a version that could send four messages at once. Meanwhile, Edison married Mary Stillwell, had three children and moved his family to Menlo Park, New Jersey, where he started his famous laboratory. In 1877, Edison, with help from "muckers", individuals from around the world looking to make fortunes in America, invented the phonograph. The phonograph was a machine that recorded and played back sounds. He perfected the phonograph by recording "Mary had a Little Lamb" on a piece of tin foil. In 1878, Edison invented the light bulb as well as the power grid system, which could generate electricity and deliver it to homes through a network of wires. He subsequently started the Edison Electric Light Company in October of 1878. In 1884, after he attained great fame and fortune, Mary Stillwell died. Edison remarried 20 year old Mina Miller in 1886. He had three more children and moved to West Orange, New Jersey. At West Orange, Edison built one of the largest laboratories in the world. He worked extremely hard and registered 1,093 patents. Edison continued to invent or improve products and make significant contributions to x-ray technology, storage batteries and motion pictures (movies). He also invented the world's first talking doll. His inventions changed the world forever. They still influence the way we live today. Edison worked until his death on October 18, 1931.

Directions: Based on the information from the paragraph, choose the appropriate number 1 – 4 to complete the following statement.

Edison kept working hard till

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

THOMAS EDISON
Thomas Edison was born February 11, 1847 in Milan, Ohio. He was nicknamed "Al" at an early age. At age 11, Edison moved to Michigan where he spent the rest of his childhood. Thomas Edison struggled at school, but learned to love reading and conducting experiments from his mother who taught him at home. At age 15, Edison became a "tramp telegrapher", sending and receiving messages via Morse Code, an electronically-conveyed alphabet using different clicks for each letter. Eventually, he worked for the Union Army as a telegrapher. Edison often entertained himself by taking things apart to see how they worked. Soon, he decided to become an inventor. In 1870, Edison moved to New York City and improved the stock ticker. He soon formed his own company that manufactured the new stock tickers. He also began working on the telegraph, and invented a version that could send four messages at once. Meanwhile, Edison married Mary Stillwell, had three children and moved his family to Menlo Park, New Jersey, where he started his famous laboratory. In 1877, Edison, with help from "muckers", individuals from around the world looking to make fortunes in America, invented the phonograph. The phonograph was a machine that recorded and played back sounds. He perfected the phonograph by recording "Mary had a Little Lamb" on a piece of tin foil. In 1878, Edison invented the light bulb as well as the power grid system, which could generate electricity and deliver it to homes through a network of wires. He subsequently started the Edison Electric Light Company in October of 1878. In 1884, after he attained great fame and fortune, Mary Stillwell died. Edison remarried 20 year old Mina Miller in 1886. He had three more children and moved to West Orange, New Jersey. At West Orange, Edison built one of the largest laboratories in the world. He worked extremely hard and registered 1,093 patents. Edison continued to invent or improve products and make significant contributions to x-ray technology, storage batteries and motion pictures (movies). He also invented the world's first talking doll. His inventions changed the world forever. They still influence the way we live today. Edison worked until his death on October 18, 1931.

Directions: Based on the information from the paragraph, choose the appropriate number 1 – 4 to complete the following statement.

Though Edison faced a tough time in his school,

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

THOMAS EDISON
Thomas Edison was born February 11, 1847 in Milan, Ohio. He was nicknamed "Al" at an early age. At age 11, Edison moved to Michigan where he spent the rest of his childhood. Thomas Edison struggled at school, but learned to love reading and conducting experiments from his mother who taught him at home. At age 15, Edison became a "tramp telegrapher", sending and receiving messages via Morse Code, an electronically-conveyed alphabet using different clicks for each letter. Eventually, he worked for the Union Army as a telegrapher. Edison often entertained himself by taking things apart to see how they worked. Soon, he decided to become an inventor. In 1870, Edison moved to New York City and improved the stock ticker. He soon formed his own company that manufactured the new stock tickers. He also began working on the telegraph, and invented a version that could send four messages at once. Meanwhile, Edison married Mary Stillwell, had three children and moved his family to Menlo Park, New Jersey, where he started his famous laboratory. In 1877, Edison, with help from "muckers", individuals from around the world looking to make fortunes in America, invented the phonograph. The phonograph was a machine that recorded and played back sounds. He perfected the phonograph by recording "Mary had a Little Lamb" on a piece of tin foil. In 1878, Edison invented the light bulb as well as the power grid system, which could generate electricity and deliver it to homes through a network of wires. He subsequently started the Edison Electric Light Company in October of 1878. In 1884, after he attained great fame and fortune, Mary Stillwell died. Edison remarried 20 year old Mina Miller in 1886. He had three more children and moved to West Orange, New Jersey. At West Orange, Edison built one of the largest laboratories in the world. He worked extremely hard and registered 1,093 patents. Edison continued to invent or improve products and make significant contributions to x-ray technology, storage batteries and motion pictures (movies). He also invented the world's first talking doll. His inventions changed the world forever. They still influence the way we live today. Edison worked until his death on October 18, 1931.

Directions: Which of the given options best represents the information in the reading passage? Choose the appropriate number (1 – 4).

Which discovery helped Einstein to win the Nobel Prize?

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

ALBERT EINSTEIN
Albert Einstein is perhaps one of the most celebrated scientists in history, especially for the 20th century. His work in physics led to an era of new discoveries and knowledge of our universe. He is however, not just known for his famous equation e= mc2, but he is also known for his contributions to other fields in science. Without Einstein, we would not have computers, be able to travel into space or have a deeper understanding of our own biology, of outer space, time and the universe.
His first major discovery was made while he was pursuing his doctorate. This discovery was the formula that could accurately describe Brownian motion which is the movement of particles in a fluid, such as liquid or gas. The idea that the motion of particles can be explained by their interaction on the molecular level has been around since ancient times. Einstein however was the first to develop an accurate mathematical model for this movement. What is fascinating is that at one point it was considered to be incorrect. Einstein, through further experimentation, proved it otherwise.
His next discovery was even more amazing and helped to build the foundation of quantum physics. This was the discovery of the quantum nature of the photoelectric effect. This phenomenon had been observed by other scientists for some time. The effect comes about when light strikes certain types of photosensitive materials. In response, these materials emit electrons. According to classical theory, it was thought that light was a wave of pure energy. If this was so, then the intensity of the light would increase the energy of the electrons being emitted. What actually happens is that increased intensity of light only increases the amount of electrons being released, but does not increase their energy. Something was not right with this model and Einstein offered an alternative. Einstein proposed that light was not just a wave of energy, but a series of particles with a specific energy. This was the proposal of light being comprised of photons and this led to his winning the Nobel Prize for science in 1921.

Directions: Which of the given options best represents the information in the reading passage? Choose the appropriate number (1 – 4).

Apart from Einstein's work in physics, he also contributed to the invention of _______

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

ALBERT EINSTEIN
Albert Einstein is perhaps one of the most celebrated scientists in history, especially for the 20th century. His work in physics led to an era of new discoveries and knowledge of our universe. He is however, not just known for his famous equation e= mc2, but he is also known for his contributions to other fields in science. Without Einstein, we would not have computers, be able to travel into space or have a deeper understanding of our own biology, of outer space, time and the universe.
His first major discovery was made while he was pursuing his doctorate. This discovery was the formula that could accurately describe Brownian motion which is the movement of particles in a fluid, such as liquid or gas. The idea that the motion of particles can be explained by their interaction on the molecular level has been around since ancient times. Einstein however was the first to develop an accurate mathematical model for this movement. What is fascinating is that at one point it was considered to be incorrect. Einstein, through further experimentation, proved it otherwise.
His next discovery was even more amazing and helped to build the foundation of quantum physics. This was the discovery of the quantum nature of the photoelectric effect. This phenomenon had been observed by other scientists for some time. The effect comes about when light strikes certain types of photosensitive materials. In response, these materials emit electrons. According to classical theory, it was thought that light was a wave of pure energy. If this was so, then the intensity of the light would increase the energy of the electrons being emitted. What actually happens is that increased intensity of light only increases the amount of electrons being released, but does not increase their energy. Something was not right with this model and Einstein offered an alternative. Einstein proposed that light was not just a wave of energy, but a series of particles with a specific energy. This was the proposal of light being comprised of photons and this led to his winning the Nobel Prize for science in 1921.