Indian Polity and Governance

The President of India appoints the Governor of Jammu and Kashmir, as with all state Governors, under Article 157 of the Constitution. This is a constitutional appointment made by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers.

State Ministers receive salaries determined by the state legislature under Article 164 of the Indian Constitution. The legislature has the power to make laws regarding ministers' salaries, allowances, and other privileges. Neither the Governor nor Parliament has this authority.

Statement I is correct.

M. Hidyatullah and Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma were elected unopposed too. The Vice President is indirectly elected by an electoral college consisting of the members of both the houses of the Parliament. His main function is in the form of ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. Thus, in this context, India’s Vice President is equivalent to the Speaker of the Lok Sabha. There is no need of impeachment of Vice President for removal.

The Governor of a state appoints the Advocate General, who gives legal advice to the state government (similar to the Attorney General for India). The President appoints constitutional officers at the national level, not state level.

Article 80 of the Indian Constitution states that the President can nominate 12 members to the Rajya Sabha from among persons having special knowledge or practical experience in literature, science, art, and social service. These 12 nominated members help bring expertise that may not be represented through elections.

The Chief of Army Staff holds the rank of General, which is the highest rank in the Indian Army. The other options are lower ranks (Lieutenant General, Colonel, Brigadier).

According to the Indian Constitution, the Chief Minister is responsible to the Governor of the state. The Governor appoints the Chief Minister and the council of ministers, and they must enjoy the confidence of the state legislative assembly.

According to Article 179(b) of the Indian Constitution, the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly submits resignation to the Deputy Speaker. Option B is correct. The Speaker does not submit resignation to Judges, Chief Minister, or Finance Minister.

As per Article 65(1) of the Indian Constitution, when both the President and Vice-President offices are vacant, the Chief Justice of India discharges their functions. If the Chief Justice is also unavailable, the senior-most Supreme Court judge performs this duty. The Prime Minister and Home Minister have no constitutional role in this scenario.

The Union Parliament (Sansad) consists of three components: the President of India, the Rajya Sabha (Council of States), and the Lok Sabha (House of the People). The President is an integral part of Parliament.

 No Government Expenditure can be incurred in India except with the sanction of the Parliament

The head of the State Bank of India (SBI) is designated as the Chairman. This is the highest executive position in SBI. The Governor position refers to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), while Executive Directors and Deputy Governors are positions within the RBI and other banking institutions, not the head of SBI.

Under Article 110(3) of the Indian Constitution, only the Speaker of the Lok Sabha has the authority to certify whether a bill is a Money Bill. This certification is final and cannot be challenged in court. The Finance Minister only presents money bills, and the President cannot withhold assent.