Indian Polity and Governance

Correct Answer: by an electoral college of all the members of both the Houses of Parliament in accordance with proportional representation by means of single transferable vote and by secret ballot

The Rajya Sabha has at most 250 members, of which 238 are elected indirectly by the legislatures of each state and union territory. Seats are allotted in proportion to the population of each state or union territory. The other 12 members are nominated by the President of India.

Under Article 72 and 161, both the President and Governor have the power to commute sentences, including death sentences, in certain circumstances. Pardoning court-martial cases and remitting sentences in state matters are exclusive powers. Commutation is the overlapping power.

Correct option is (3).

The Vice-President of India is elected by the members of an electoral college consisting of elected members of both Houses of Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha). The election is by proportional representation by means of single transferable vote. The President is elected by both Houses of Parliament AND state legislative assemblies.

Article 32 of the Constitution is called the 'heart and soul of the Constitution' by Dr. Ambedkar. It empowers the Supreme Court to issue five types of writs (habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto, and certiorari) for the enforcement of fundamental rights. While High Courts can issue writs under Article 226, Article 32 is specifically for the Supreme Court.

Article 124 of the Indian Constitution authorizes Parliament to law increase the number of Supreme Court judges. The President gives effect to this law. The original Constitution provided for 8 judges (including Chief Justice), which has been amended multiple times. The President acts on the advice of the Council of Ministers, making the power effectively Parliament's.

Dr. Zakir Hussain, a renowned educationist and former President of India, criticized the Indian examination system for lacking validity (measuring what it claims to measure) and completeness (capturing all aspects of learning). His critique highlighted how exams often reduce education to rote memorization rather than assessing genuine understanding.

The forms of oath prescribed in the Third Schedule of the Constitution are meant for the following candidates: • Members of Parliament and State Legislatures  • Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts • Comptroller and Auditor-General of India 

Correct Answer: with immediate effect

BG Kher served as the Chairman of the first Official Language Commission constituted in 1955. The commission was formed to examine the question of official language and recommend language policy for the Union. KM Munshi was involved in language-related constitutional discussions but was not the chairman.

Minsters are appointed by the president on recommendation of the Prime Minister and they are removed either by resigning or by dissolution of govt. or by PM.

This is the correct answer as the President of India appoints the Chief Election Commissioner of India.

The National Commission for Minority Educational Institutions is headed by a Chairperson who has been a Judge of the Delhi High Court and two members to be nominated by Central Government.

The Attorney General for India is the Indian government's chief legal advisor, and its primary lawyer in the Supreme Court of India. He is appointed by the President of India under Article 76(1) of the Constitution and holds office during the pleasure of the President. He must be a person qualified to be appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Court.