Indian Independence Movement

Correct answer is (3). 

Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a scholar, mathematician, philosopher and militant nationalist, who helped lay the foundation for India's independence. He founded (1914) and served as the President of the Indian Home Rule League. Tilak was born into a cultured, middle-class, Brahman family. 

Dr. S. Radhakrishnan was the Chairman of the first Rajya Sabha. He was the only Chairman to have two terms (13.5.1952-12.5.1962). The allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha to the States is based on the population; two hundred and forty five (245), of which 233 are elected and 12 are nominated.

Jayaprakash Narayan (JP) was the strongest advocate of partyless democracy in India. He proposed this idea in the 1950s and 1960s, arguing that political parties were divisive and that democracy should function through direct participation of citizens and consensus-based decision-making. This idea gained traction during his Total Revolution movement in the 1970s. While Gandhi and Lohia criticized party politics, JP was the most systematic proponent of the partyless concept.

No specific attempts were made for estimating national income in India during the pre-independence era. In 1868, the first attempt was made by Dadabhai Naoroji. He, in his book ‘Poverty and Un-British Rule in India’, estimated Indian per capita annual income at a level of Rs. 20.

Lord Ripon, Viceroy of India from 1880-1884, is famously known as the 'Father of Local Self-Government in India' for his landmark Resolution of 1882 that established the framework for local self-government institutions. The Ripon Resolution recommended elected local bodies and laid the foundation for democratic decentralization in India.

K. C. Wheare called India a ‘quasi federation’.

The Constituent Assembly appointed a number of committees to deal with different tasks of constitution making. Out of these, eight were major committees. These are:

Statement 1 is correct: The June Plan or Mountbatten Plan was unanimously accepted by all the political parties in India. Statement 2 is correct: The June Plan was given legal effect by the Indian Independence Act, 1947.

Statement 1 is correct: Bhadruddin Tyabji became the first Muslim President of the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1187 at the Madras Session. Statement 2 is correct: George Yule became the first English President of the INC in the Allahabad Session, 1888. Statement 3 is also correct: Constitution for the INC was adopted in the Madras Session, 1908.

Moderates: A.O. Hume, Dadabhai Nauroji, W. Wedderburn, S.N. Bannerjee, F.S. Mehta, W.C. Bannerjee, G.K. Gokhale. Extremeists: Bal-Pal-Lal, Aurbindo Ghosh, Swami Vivekananda and Dayananda Saraswati.

East India Association was founded by Dadabhai Nauroji.

Session (1936) and Faizpur Session (1937) were presided over by Jwaharlal Nehru; Haripura Session (1938) and Tripuri Session (1938) were presided over by Subhash Chandra Bose.

It was in the Faizpur Session of 1937 (presided over by J. L. Nehru) that the Indian National Congress demanded formation of Constituent Assembly for the first time.

The Belgaum Session of 1924 was where Mahatma Gandhi formally endorsed the Swarajist strategy of entering legislative councils to work on behalf of the Congress. This was part of the compromise between the 'no-changers' (who opposed council entry) and 'pro-changers' (Swarajists who supported it). The Gaya Session (1922) had initially rejected council entry, creating the split.