Indian Independence Movement

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj founded the Maratha Empire in 1674, establishing a sovereign Hindu state in western India during the Mughal period. He built a strong administrative and military system centered on guerrilla warfare tactics. D.S. Deshmukh was a modern Indian economist, and Tipu Sultan ruled Mysore in a different period and region.

Yashpal

Justice Nagendra Singh served as President of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) from 1985-1988, becoming the first Indian to hold this position. A distinguished jurist and diplomat, he represented India at the UN before being elected to the ICJ. Others listed were Indian Chief Justices but not ICJ Presidents.

K.R. Narayanan was the first Indian President to cast his vote while in office during the 1998 General Election. Before him, Presidents followed the convention of not voting to maintain neutrality. This was a symbolic act emphasizing the President's role as a citizen and constitutional head.

Justice P.N. Bhagwati served as Chief Justice of India from July 1985 to December 1986. He is credited with introducing Public Interest Litigation (PIL) to the Indian judicial system in the early 1980s, along with Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer. PIL revolutionized access to justice by allowing any citizen to approach courts on matters of public interest.

The Interim Cabinet was formed in September 1946 after the Cabinet Mission Plan. Jawaharlal Nehru became the Vice President of the Viceroy's Executive Council, effectively serving as Prime Minister of the interim government before full independence in 1947.

Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the first President of India, serving from 1950 to 1962. He was a key figure in the Indian independence movement and chaired the Constituent Assembly that drafted the Indian Constitution.

B.R. Ambedkar was the only Indian leader to participate in all three Round Table Conferences (1930-1932), advocating for dalit rights and separate electorates. Gandhi attended only the second conference, while Jinnah participated in the first two.

B. Ramalinga Raju was the Chairman of Satyam Computer Services Ltd until January 2009, when he resigned after confessing to a massive corporate accounting fraud. The Satyam scandal was one of India's biggest corporate frauds. Raju was succeeded by various leaders during the crisis management period, including Kiran Majumdar-Shaw as part of the government-appointed board.

Dr. A.L. Mudaliar was indeed the Chairman of the Secondary Education Commission (1952-1953), also known as the Mudaliar Commission. This commission was appointed to reform secondary education in India and made significant recommendations about educational structure.

Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan chaired the University Education Commission (1948-1949), which made comprehensive recommendations on higher education in independent India. The commission is often called the Radhakrishnan Commission.

Option (2) is correct.

Option (4) is correct.

D. S. Kothari (Indian Education Commission or Kothari Commission)