Indian Independence Movement

The year of this session was 1929.

The trusteeship formula was evolved by Kishorilal Mashruwala, Narahari Parikh and others.

Govind Ballabh Pant gave a formal notice to move a resolution at the session of the Congress in 1939, asking Subhas Chandra Bose to nominate his working committee in accordance with the wishes of Gandhiji.

A committee under Dr. Zakir Hussain was appointed to formulate the scheme of basic education.

Subhash Chandra Bose was the person resigned in protest against his abandonment of the principles, introduced by Gandhi.

In 1920, Gandhiji was elected the President of the All India Home Rule League. With no freedom in sight, he urged a resolution for satyagraha campaign of non-cooperation.

He wanted to form Lok Seva Sangh, an organisation dedicated to improving the condition of the socially backward and distance himself from politics. If possible, he wanted to persuade most of the Congress membership to join his new task and quit Congress.

G.V. Mavlankar was the first Speaker of the Lok Sabha, serving from 1952 to 1956. He had previously served as Speaker of the Constituent Assembly and the Provisional Parliament.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly, is widely recognized as the Father of the Indian Constitution. He played the most significant role in framing the Constitution, ensuring it incorporated democratic principles, social justice, and fundamental rights. While other leaders like Nehru and Patel contributed significantly, Ambedkar's leadership in drafting earned him this title.

Jawaharlal Nehru, independent India's first Prime Minister, served as the first Chairman of the Planning Commission established in 1950. The Planning Commission was the apex body responsible for formulating India's Five-Year Plans until it was replaced by NITI Aayog in 2015.

Justice Nagendra Singh served as President of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) from 1985-1988, becoming the first Indian to hold this position. A distinguished jurist and diplomat, he represented India at the UN before being elected to the ICJ. Others listed were Indian Chief Justices but not ICJ Presidents.

K.R. Narayanan was the first Indian President to cast his vote while in office during the 1998 General Election. Before him, Presidents followed the convention of not voting to maintain neutrality. This was a symbolic act emphasizing the President's role as a citizen and constitutional head.

Justice P.N. Bhagwati served as Chief Justice of India from July 1985 to December 1986. He is credited with introducing Public Interest Litigation (PIL) to the Indian judicial system in the early 1980s, along with Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer. PIL revolutionized access to justice by allowing any citizen to approach courts on matters of public interest.

The Interim Cabinet was formed in September 1946 after the Cabinet Mission Plan. Jawaharlal Nehru became the Vice President of the Viceroy's Executive Council, effectively serving as Prime Minister of the interim government before full independence in 1947.

The first Indian National Congress session was held in Mumbai (then Bombay) in December 1885, with W.C. Bonnerjee as the first president. It was attended by 72 delegates.