Biology

Human Immunity and Blood

2,096 Questions

Human immunity and blood questions cover the physiological mechanisms protecting the body against diseases and the components of blood. Topics include blood groups, cell mediated immunity, monoclonal antibodies, and blood coagulation. These biology topics frequently appear in general science sections of competitive exams.

Blood groupsCell mediated immunityMonoclonal antibodiesBlood coagulationCancer immunology

Human Immunity and Blood Questions

Multiple choice tissues of animals tissues: plant and animal tissues animal tissues structure of living organisms biology animal tissues and its type tissues: animal tissues fluid connective tissue cell division in embryo development division for growth and reproduction

Which of the following cells are found in areolar tissue?

  1. Mast cells

  2. Plasma cells

  3. Histiocytes

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Areolar Tissue is a common form of loose connective tissue. Areolar tissue is found in many locations around the body.

Areolar Tissue is loose connective tissue that consists of a meshwork of collagen, elastic tissue, and reticular fibres - with many connective tissue cells in between the meshwork of fibres.
The fibres that form the mesh structure of areolar tissue include:

Collagen fibres, elastic fibres, reticular fibres
The different types of cells embedded within the areolar tissue include:
Fibroblasts, plasma cells, adipocytes, mast cells and macrophages (The histiocyte is a tissue macrophage). 

So the answer 'All of these'. 

Multiple choice disorders of muscular system disorders of muscle and skeleton movement and locomotion in man locomotion and movements biology

How many statements are correct regarding Rheumatoid arthritis?


(a) Caused due to activation of Rheumatic factor IgG type antibody
(b) Synovial joints are affected
(c) Pannus particles are formed by articular cartilage
(d) Rheumatic factor is activated by recurrent E.coli infection
(e) Articular cartilage is damaged by pannus particles.

  1. One

  2. Two

  3. Three

  4. Four
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Answer is C. Three

A In rheumatoid arthritis an antibody against the Fc portion of IgG and different RFs can recognize different parts of the IgG-Fc. RF and IgG join to form immune complexes that contribute to the disease process.
B. The synovial membrane produces synovial fluid – a clear fluid that lubricates and nourishes the joint. Rheumatoid arthritis can affect any joint in the body but usually affects the small joints in the hands and feet before any of the larger joints such as hips, knees, shoulders and elbows are affected.
E.pannus — an abnormal tissue growth in the joints. This tissue can spread to your bones and cartilage, causing cartilage destruction, bone deterioration, pain, and inflammation.

Multiple choice biology excretion - the wastage disposing system artificial kidney kidney transplant disorders of kidney

Which of the following array of genes can be related to a kidney transplant?

  1. MHC

  2. HLA

  3. Lac gene

  4. all of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) genes are the human version of the MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) and are critical for the immune system to recognize self vs non-self, which is the primary factor in organ transplant rejection.

Multiple choice biology excretion - the wastage disposing system artificial kidney kidney transplant disorders of kidney

Consider the following four statement (i-iv) regarding kidney transplant and select the correct statements
(i) Even if a kidney transplant is proper the recipient may need to take immuno-suppressants for a long time.
(ii) The cell-mediated immune response is responsible for the graft rejection.
(iii) The B-lymphocytes are responsible for rejection of the graft.
(iv) The acceptance or rejection of a kidney transplant depends on specific interferons.

The correct statements are


  1. (ii) and (iii)

  2. (iii) and (iv)

  3. (i) and (iii)

  4. (i) and (ii)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Recipients require immunosuppressants to prevent rejection (i is correct). Cell-mediated immunity, specifically involving T-lymphocytes, is the primary driver of graft rejection (ii is correct). B-lymphocytes are involved in humoral immunity, and interferons are not the primary determinant of rejection.

Multiple choice biology excretory system of human artificial kidney kidney transplant disorders of kidney

Which of the following cell-surface proteins encoded by HLA is estimated before the transplant before rejection?

  1. Immunoglobulins

  2. MHC

  3. APC

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules are the cell-surface proteins encoded by HLA genes that are primarily responsible for the immune system recognizing the donor organ as foreign.

Multiple choice different stages of growth reproductive system in humans division for growth and reproduction human system biology

According to which theory is the given statement correct?

Statement. B and T cells having receptors for self-antigens undergo programmed cell death

  1. Somatic mutation theory

  2. Programmed senescence theory

  3. Wear and tear theory

  4. Immunological theory
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A. Somatic mutation theory - posits that the accumulation of mutations in the genetic material of somatic cells as a function of time results in a decrease in cellular function.

B. Programmed senescence theory - refers to the idea that senescence in humans and other organisms is purposely caused by evolved biological mechanisms in order to obtain an evolutionary advantage.

C. wear and tear theory - asserts that the effects of ageing are caused by progressive damage to cells and body systems over time. Essentially, our bodies "wear out" due to use. Once they wear out, they can no longer function correctly.

D. Immunological theory - asserts that the process of human ageing is, in fact, a mild and generalized form of the prolonged auto-immune phenomenon.

So, the correct option is ‘Programmed senescence theory’.

Multiple choice different stages of growth reproductive system in humans division for growth and reproduction human system biology

Most accepted theory of ageing is

  1. Death of brain cells

  2. Non-functioning of a-cells in pancreas

  3. Less RBC in blood

  4. Non-functioning of thymus gland
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Immunity theory is the widely accepted theory for ageing. The immune system is programmed to decline its functions over time, and this fact is the main cause of aging. Thymic involution (shrinking of the thymus with age) is believed to be the main age-related change in the immune system, and this alteration begins after puberty.

So, the correct option is ‘Non functioning of thymus gland’.

Multiple choice zoology immunity cells of immune system cells in immune system lymphocytes and lymph

Agranulocytes responsible for immune response of the body are

  1. Basophils

  2. Neutrophils

  3. Eosinophils

  4. Lymphocytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Agranulocytes are leukocytes that either lack granules in their cytoplasm or have granulocytes that are not as apparent as in the other cell types. Agranulocytes are basically of two types - monocytes and lymphocytes. They are both involved in the immune responses of the body.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Lymphocytes.'

Multiple choice zoology immunity cells of immune system cells in immune system lymphocytes and lymph

Component of blood responsible for producing antibodies is?

  1. Thrombocytes

  2. Monocytes

  3. Erythrocytes

  4. Lymphocytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Lymphocytes are one of the main types of immune cells. Lymphocytes are divided mainly into B and T cells. B lymphocytes produce antibodies - proteins (gamma globulins) that recognize foreign substances (antigen) and attach themselves to them. B lymphocytes (or B cells) are each programmed to make one specific antibody.


So, the correct answer is 'Lymphocytes'.

Multiple choice zoology immunity cells of immune system cells in immune system lymphocytes and lymph

Which one of the following blood cells is involved in antibody production?

  1. B-Lymphoqrtes

  2. T-Lymphocytes

  3. RBC

  4. Neutrophils
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Antibodies are proteins released by B-cells that target and work against specific antigens. These B-cells are a type of lymphocytes and hence are also referred to as B-lymphocytes.
Thus, the correct answer is 'B-Lymphocytes.'
Multiple choice zoology immunity cells of immune system cells in immune system lymphocytes and lymph

Read the following statements.


A- Lymphocytes are most common agranulocytes.
B- Platelet count is between $1.5-3.5$ lakh/$mm^3$ of blood.
C- When thrombokinase acts, prothrombin is formed.
D. Universal donor of ABO blood group system lacks Anti A and Anti B antibodies.

How many statements are incorrect?

  1. None

  2. One

  3. Two

  4. Three
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A- Prothrombin is converted into thrombin by prothrombinase & then thrombin transforms fibrinogen into fibrin.

  • Agranulocytes are lymphocytes & monocytes. 
  • Platelets circulate within our blood and platelet count less than 150,000 is termed as thrombocytopenia. 
  • Universal donor of ABO blood group shows neither the presence of anti A & anti B antigens on their erythrocytes.

Multiple choice zoology immunity cells of immune system cells in immune system lymphocytes and lymph

The letter T in T-lymphocyte refers to

  1. Thymus

  2. Thyroid

  3. Thalamus

  4. Tonsil
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The letter T in T-lymphocyte refers to Thymus. T cells or T lymphocytes are a type of lymphocyte, that play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells, by the presence of a T-cell receptor on the cell surface. They are called T cells because they mature in the thymus.

Multiple choice zoology immunity cells of immune system cells in immune system lymphocytes and lymph

Which of the following is not a granulocyte?

  1. Lymphocyte

  2. Basophil

  3. Neutrophil

  4. Eosinophil
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A lymphocyte is not a granulocyte. Granulocytes are a category of white blood cells characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. There are three principal types of granulocytes- basophil granulocytes, eosinophil granulocytes and neutrophil granulocytes. Lymphocytes and monocytes are the agranulocytes. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology immunity cells of immune system cells in immune system lymphocytes and lymph

The lymphocytes protect from

  1. Pathogens

  2. Lymph

  3. Leucocytes

  4. Toxins

  5. Both A and D
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

There are two main types of lymphocytes: B cells and T cells. The B cells make antibodies that attack bacteria and toxins while the T cells attack body cells themselves when they have been taken over by viruses or have become cancerous. Lymphocytes are small white blood cells that play a large role in defending the body against disease. Hence, the lymphocytes are responsible for immune responses.

Multiple choice zoology immunity cells of immune system cells in immune system lymphocytes and lymph

Which of the following is agranulocyte?

  1. Lymphocyte

  2. Eosinophil

  3. Basophil

  4. Neutrophil
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A lymphocyte is any of the three kinds as B-cells, T-cells and natural killer or NK cells. All these are agranulocytes.
Eosinophils are granulocytes, that develop during hematopoiesis in the bone marrow.
Basophils are granulocytes i.e., they contain large cytoplasmic granules in the cell nucleus and it stores histamine (a vasodilator), a chemical, which is secreted by the cells, when stimulated, which promotes blood flow to tissues.
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of WBCs. They are phagocytic in nature and are able to engulf foreign substances (like bacteria).