Biology

Human Immunity and Blood

2,096 Questions

Human immunity and blood questions cover the physiological mechanisms protecting the body against diseases and the components of blood. Topics include blood groups, cell mediated immunity, monoclonal antibodies, and blood coagulation. These biology topics frequently appear in general science sections of competitive exams.

Blood groupsCell mediated immunityMonoclonal antibodiesBlood coagulationCancer immunology

Human Immunity and Blood Questions

Multiple choice

The antibody diversity is generated by the following mechanisms. Which of the following mechanisms plays role in B cell antibody diversity, but not in T cells antibody diversity?

  1. Multispecificity

  2. Combinatorial association

  3. Somatic mutation

  4. N region insertion

  5. V-J and V-D-J joining
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Diversity in the T cell receptor is also generated in the same way as for B cell antibody diversity, e.g., by VJ and VDJ joining of gene segments and combinatorial association. However, no somatic mutation has been observed in T cells.

Multiple choice

Human blood has the highest percentage of

  1. eosinophils

  2. neutrophils

  3. monocytes

  4. basophils
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Human blood has the highest percentage of neutrophils. Neutrophil granulocytes are the most abundant type of white blood cells in mammals and form an essential part of the innate immune system.

Multiple choice

Which of the following theories about immunological tolerance suggests that the self-reactive T- or B-cells become inactivated in the normal individual and cannot amplify the immune response?

  1. Idiotype Network theory

  2. Clonal Deletion theory

  3. Clonal Anergy theory

  4. Clonal Ignorance theory

  5. Regulatory T cell theory
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Clonal Anergy theory states that self-reactive T- or B-cells become inactivated in the normal individual and cannot amplify the immune response.

Multiple choice

Which is the best replacement for the word 'plagued'?

Directions: Complete the passage by filling the most suitable option from each list.

Human to human blood transfusions in the nineteenth century were plagued by two major problems: first, the necessity of transfusing blood as soon as it was drawn and second the occasionally fatal reactions, often accompanied by fever or nausea, which afflicted many patients. Rudimentary anticoagulants were developed as early as 1860, solving the first obstacle. Later advances in the blood analysis revealed not only that there are blood groups with which donors may be incompatible but also that white blood cells-----------24------ new blood from even seemingly suitable donors.

  1. afflicted

  2. diseased

  3. jinxed

  4. influenced
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Here the meaning in context is similar 'troubled or affected/afflicted'.

Multiple choice

Which is the best meaning of the word 'incompatible'?

Directions: Complete the passage by filling the most suitable option from each list.

Human to human blood transfusions in the nineteenth century were plagued by two major problems: first, the necessity of transfusing blood as soon as it was drawn and second the occasionally fatal reactions, often accompanied by fever or nausea, which afflicted many patients. Rudimentary anticoagulants were developed as early as 1860, solving the first obstacle. Later advances in the blood analysis revealed not only that there are blood groups with which donors may be incompatible but also that white blood cells-----------24------ new blood from even seemingly suitable donors.

  1. unable to exist in relationship

  2. opposite in character

  3. exclusive

  4. unable to exist in harmony
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

When it comes to relationship, all the meanings are correct but here the talk is about matching blood groups.

Multiple choice

Which of the following options best fits gap 24?

Directions: Complete the passage by filling the most suitable option from each list.

Human to human blood transfusions in the nineteenth century were plagued by two major problems: first, the necessity of transfusing blood as soon as it was drawn and second the occasionally fatal reactions, often accompanied by fever or nausea, which afflicted many patients. Rudimentary anticoagulants were developed as early as 1860, solving the first obstacle. Later advances in the blood analysis revealed not only that there are blood groups with which donors may be incompatible but also that white blood cells-----------24------ new blood from even seemingly suitable donors.

  1. may attack

  2. might attack

  3. must attack

  4. will attack
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In case of a distinct possibility, we always use 'may'.

Multiple choice

Which of the following features are critical to hybridoma technology?

  1. The myeloma cells must produce antibodies for themselves.

  2. B-lymphocyte cell produces antibody of only one antigenic determinant.

  3. Plasma cell is fully differentiated and does not divide when cultured in vitro.

  4. Both 1 and 3

  5. Both 2 and 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Both the features are critical to hybridoma technology.