Biology

Human Immunity and Blood

2,096 Questions

Human immunity and blood questions cover the physiological mechanisms protecting the body against diseases and the components of blood. Topics include blood groups, cell mediated immunity, monoclonal antibodies, and blood coagulation. These biology topics frequently appear in general science sections of competitive exams.

Blood groupsCell mediated immunityMonoclonal antibodiesBlood coagulationCancer immunology

Human Immunity and Blood Questions

Multiple choice

Which cell type is a major target of Treg-mediated suppression?

  1. B cells

  2. Macrophages

  3. Neutrophils

  4. Dendritic cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Dendritic cells (DCs) are a major target of Treg-mediated suppression. Tregs can suppress the activation and maturation of DCs, thereby inhibiting the initiation of immune responses and promoting immune tolerance.

Multiple choice

What is the role of Tregs in regulating immune responses to allergens?

  1. They promote allergic responses

  2. They suppress allergic responses

  3. They produce antibodies against allergens

  4. They promote the differentiation of Th1 cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Tregs play a role in regulating immune responses to allergens by suppressing excessive allergic reactions. They can prevent the development of allergies and asthma by maintaining immune tolerance to harmless environmental antigens.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is produced by Tregs that can inhibit the proliferation of other T cells?

  1. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)

  2. Interleukin-2 (IL-2)

  3. Interleukin-10 (IL-10)

  4. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Tregs produce interleukin-10 (IL-10), which is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine that can inhibit the proliferation of other T cells. IL-10 plays a crucial role in the suppressive function of Tregs and contributes to the maintenance of immune homeostasis.

Multiple choice

What are memory cells?

  1. Cells that remember the pathogen and can quickly mount an immune response if it is encountered again

  2. Cells that produce antibodies against a pathogen

  3. Cells that destroy infected cells

  4. Cells that help other immune cells to function
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Memory cells are cells that remember the pathogen and can quickly mount an immune response if it is encountered again. This is why we are often immune to diseases that we have had in the past.

Multiple choice

What is the role of the spleen in the immune system?

  1. The spleen is responsible for the production of red blood cells

  2. The spleen is responsible for the production of white blood cells

  3. The spleen is responsible for the production of antibodies

  4. The spleen is responsible for the production of memory cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The spleen is responsible for the production of white blood cells.

Multiple choice

What is the role of the lymph nodes in the immune system?

  1. The lymph nodes are responsible for the production of red blood cells

  2. The lymph nodes are responsible for the production of white blood cells

  3. The lymph nodes are responsible for the production of antibodies

  4. The lymph nodes are responsible for the production of memory cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The lymph nodes are responsible for the production of white blood cells.

Multiple choice

What is the primary mechanism of action of monoclonal antibodies in therapeutics?

  1. Binding to specific antigens and neutralizing their activity

  2. Stimulating the immune system to attack cancer cells

  3. Delivering cytotoxic agents directly to cancer cells

  4. Inhibiting the growth of blood vessels that supply tumors
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Monoclonal antibodies are designed to bind to specific antigens, such as those found on the surface of cancer cells or viruses, and neutralize their activity by preventing them from interacting with their targets.

Multiple choice

What is the primary mechanism of action of CAR T-cell therapy in cancer treatment?

  1. Binding to specific antigens on cancer cells and activating the immune system to attack them

  2. Delivering cytotoxic agents directly to cancer cells

  3. Inhibiting the growth of blood vessels that supply tumors

  4. Stimulating the production of antibodies against cancer cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

CAR T-cell therapy involves genetically modifying T cells to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which enable the T cells to recognize and bind to specific antigens on cancer cells. This binding activates the T cells, causing them to attack and destroy the cancer cells.

Multiple choice

Which type of stem cell is commonly used in cord blood transplants?

  1. Embryonic stem cells

  2. Adult stem cells

  3. Induced pluripotent stem cells

  4. Hematopoietic stem cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Hematopoietic stem cells, which are found in cord blood, are commonly used in cord blood transplants to replenish the patient's blood-forming cells.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a type of lymphoma that commonly affects children?

  1. Hodgkin lymphoma

  2. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

  3. Burkitt lymphoma

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and Burkitt lymphoma are all types of lymphoma that commonly affect children.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a chronic disease that affects the blood and can cause anemia, leukemia, and lymphoma?

  1. Sickle cell disease

  2. Thalassemia

  3. Hemophilia

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Sickle cell disease, thalassemia, hemophilia, anemia, leukemia, and lymphoma are all chronic blood diseases. Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder in which the red blood cells are sickle-shaped. Thalassemia is a genetic disorder in which the body does not produce enough hemoglobin. Hemophilia is a genetic disorder in which the blood does not clot properly. Anemia is a condition in which the blood does not have enough red blood cells. Leukemia is a cancer of the blood cells. Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system.

Multiple choice

What is the most common type of childhood lymphoma?

  1. Hodgkin lymphoma

  2. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

  3. Burkitt lymphoma

  4. Lymphoblastic lymphoma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is the most common type of childhood lymphoma.

Multiple choice

Which type of immune response is primarily responsible for combating intracellular pathogens and cancer cells?

  1. Humoral immunity

  2. Cell-mediated immunity

  3. Innate immunity

  4. Passive immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cell-mediated immunity is a type of adaptive immune response that involves the activation of T cells to directly target and destroy infected cells or cancer cells.

Multiple choice

What are the two main types of T cells involved in cell-mediated immunity?

  1. Helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells

  2. Regulatory T cells and memory T cells

  3. Natural killer T cells and gamma delta T cells

  4. Th1 cells and Th2 cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Helper T cells activate other immune cells and cytotoxic T cells directly kill infected or cancerous cells.

Multiple choice

What is the function of cytotoxic T cells in cell-mediated immunity?

  1. They activate helper T cells and B cells.

  2. They directly kill infected or cancerous cells.

  3. They produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens.

  4. They suppress the immune response to prevent excessive inflammation.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cytotoxic T cells release cytotoxic molecules that directly kill infected or cancerous cells.